Centerline Spring/Summer 2004

Primatologists Revisit Madison

Chimpanzee ant-dipping, elderly monkey biomarkers, and primate conservation near the Mayan ruins in Mexico were among the 170 topics presented at the 27^th Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists June 8-11 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Memorial Union.

Primate Center staff members, who hosted the meeting, were pleased to see many familiar faces from 1996, when the Center hosted the joint meeting of the American Society of Primatologists and International Primatological Society, also at the Memorial Union.

Steven Nash, Conservation International and State University of New York, kicked off the proceedings with a slideshow on primates in art and illustration. Other key speakers included Karen Bales, University of Illinois at Chicago, talking about the behavior-linked hormones vasopressin and oxytocin; and Harry Harlow biographer Deborah Blum, Journalism.

Jim Sackett, University of Washington and WaNPRC, won this years ASP Distinguished Scientist Award. Jackie Pritchard, WaNPRC Primate Information Center, won the Distinguished Service Award. Five students were honored for their posters, including Anita Ginther, Zoology, who works with Charles Snowdon, Psychology, studying cotton-top tamarins. Additional winners are recognized at www.asp.org.

Marilyn Norkonk, Kent State University, organized the scientific program, with help from ASP President Jeff French, University of Nebraska, Omaha, and other ASP members. Instrumental to ensuring a smooth local program were Edi Chan, Toni Ziegler, Gabriele Lubach, Matt Hoffman, Joan Larson, Nancy Schultz-Darken, Joe Kemnitz, Jordana Lenon and many additional staff and student volunteers from the Primate Center and Harlow Lab. A very special round of thanks goes to the UW-Madison Police Department for their diligent efforts.

Following are a few photos from the conference. More photos appear on the ASP website (www. asp.org) and in the ASP newsletter. A UW-Madison press release on local scientists who presented at the meeting is posted at www.news.wisc.edu/releases/9866.html.

Primate Center hosts marmoset meeting

A two-day symposium on the use of common marmosets in biomedical research, following on the heels of the ASP meeting, met with great success, according to the planners.

The newly formed Marmoset Research Group of the Americas (MRGA) is modeled after the European Marmoset Research Group, In a similar fashion, it provides a forum for bringing together people from many disciplines and locales to improve the understanding of marmoset biology and the quality of research involving this species.

The combined efforts of those of us in both North and South America is necessary to support the expanding use of these primates in research,' said David Abbott, OB/GYN and WNPRC.

Two long-time Primate Center affiliate scientists from Natal, Brazil Maria Bernardete Sousa and Maria Emilia Yamamoto attended the meetings. Harlan, Inc., and the Primate Center hosted these special guests.

Members of the MRGA Steering Committee were pleased about the high turnout for this first meeting. Close to 60 people attended or presented on a variety of topics concerning the use of marmosets in research. These included studies on longevity, obesity, nutrient requirements, energy restriction, bone mineral density, pathology, housing and care, vocal communication, fMRI, mating, parenting and behavior.

Marmosets are presently used in studies on toxicology, pharmacology, physiology, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders such as Parkinsons, Alzheimers and Huntingtons diseases.

Committee members include: David Abbott and Nancy Schultz-Darken, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center; Jeffrey French, University of Nebraska at Omaha; Suzette Tardif and Donna Layne, Southwest National Primate Research Center; Elizabeth Ludlage and Keith Mansfield, New England National Primate Research Center, and Rachel Power, Pennington Biomedical Research Center.

Reference:

Abbott DH, Barnett DK, Colman RJ, Yamamoto ME, Schultz-Darken NJ. Aspects of common marmoset basic biology and life history important for biomedical  research. Comp Med. 2003 Aug;53(4):339-50.

Studies offer new insight into HIV vaccine development

By Jordana Lenon
UW-Madison press release, Feb. 16, 2004

Mutations that allow AIDS viruses to escape detection by the immune system may also hinder the viruses' ability to grow after transmission to new hosts, scientists at UW-Madison announced this week in the journal Nature Medicine.

The discovery may help researchers design vaccines that exploit the notorious mutability of HIV by training the immune system to attack the virus where it's most vulnerable. The work appears alongside a study of HIV-infected people performed by scientists at Harvard Medical School and Oxford University. The Wisconsin study's lead author, Thomas Friedrich, is a doctoral student working under the direction of David Watkins, professor of pathology at UW-Madison and senior scientist at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center.

Watkins' team produced an "escaped" AIDS virus that mimicked events that occur in HIV infection when the virus mutates to become unrecognizable to killer cells known as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, or CTL. The researchers found that the mutant virus did not grow as well as the original strain. The mutations, while allowing the virus to escape immune recognition, had also weakened the virus. To model the transmission of escaped viruses between people, the team inoculated monkeys with the mutant virus strain. They discovered that most of the escape mutations were lost as the virus grew in the monkeys, often restoring original sequences that killer cells could recognize.

Some scientists have theorized that HIV could adapt to the human immune system as the AIDS epidemic develops, becoming less and less recognizable. Watkins said that his group's findings should help allay these fears.

The UW-Madison group has been studying immunity to AIDS viruses since the early 1990s. Most recently, the researchers have been studying the ways in which viruses mutate to "escape" recognition by the body's killer cells. Killer cells are white blood cells that perform immune "surveillance" throughout the body, detecting infected cells and eliminating them before the virus can spread.

"Over 40 million people are now infected with HIV worldwide, and a vaccine is urgently needed," Watkins said. "We hope that our findings can be used to help design vaccines that show killer cells how to fight the virus most effectively."

References:

Friedrich TC, Dodds EJ, Yant LJ, Vojnov L, Rudersdorf R, Cullen C, Evans DT, Desrosiers R, Mothe BR, Sydney J, Sette A , Kunstman K, Wolinsky S, Piatak M, Lifson J, Hughes AL, Wilson N, O'Connor DH, Watkins DI. Reversion of CTL escape variant immunodefiency viruses in vivo. Nature Medicine. Feb. 15. 2004. [E-pub ahead of print].

Friedrich TC, Frye CA, Yant LJ, O'Connor DH, Kriewaldt NA, Benson M, Vojnov L, Dodds EJ, Cullen C, Rudersdorf R, Hughes AL, Wilson N, Watkins DI. Extraepitopic Compensatory Substitutions Partially Restore Fitness to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Variants That Escape from an Immunodominant Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Response. J Virol. 2004 Mar 1;78(5):2581-2585.

Research Highlight

Prenatal origins of health and susceptibility to illness

In discussing the influence of 'nature and nurture', one is inclined to think of nature as being the contribution of innate, genetic factors, and nurture as being comprised of the environmental influences that begin after the moment of birth. However, recent evidence indicates that there is another critical period, the fetal stage in utero, which is often overlooked.

The experiences and physiology of the pregnant woman and gravid female animal may leave an indelible trace on the developing infant, helping to determine whether the trajectory postpartum is toward health or susceptibility to illness. To investigate this complex developmental question, Christopher Coe, professor of psychology and director of the Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, has initiated several research projects aimed at determining how pregnancy conditions of rhesus monkeys affect the behavior and physiology of their infants.

In one project, Coes group has documented that the growth patterns of fetal monkeys are heritable, with some female matrilines giving birth to larger babies, and others more likely to produce smaller babies.

While we tend to think of weight at birth as a discrete event, it is really just a point on protracted growth curve that spans the fetal phase and continues on to adolescence,' Coe said.

His analyses of growth and reproductive profiles over multiple generations have demonstrated that birth weights and growth patterns during the first three years of life are significant predictors of age at menarche and first delivery in female rhesus monkeys.

Female matrilines that tend to have small babies are more likely to reproduce for the first time at an older age,' Coe explained.

Growth is just one of many process that can be altered during fetal life. In other studies, Coe has collaborated with Gabriele Lubach, assistant scientist in psychology, to investigate the influence of nutritional status during pregnancy on infant development. They are studying the importance of the maternal transfer of iron to the fetus, which takes place primarily during the last month of pregnancy and provides the newborn baby with critical stores to meet its iron needs.

Monkeys, like human infants, must be born with high levels of iron, stored as ferritin, because breast milk has only about 50 percent of the iron needed to sustain the fast-growing baby,' Lubach explained. If babies are born premature, or have low levels of ferritin, they are more likely to develop an iron deficiency anemia at 4-8 months of age.' Coe and Lubach have been investigating the potential impact on several neurochemical processes that require iron, including the synthesis of myelin and dopamine.

In addition to studying effects on physical and neural growth, Coe's research program is addressing the ramifications for the development of immune responses. Monkey and human infants are born immunologically immature; many immune responses must be refined during the first year of life.

Coes studies suggest that the capacity to respond appropriately to pathogens and to develop normal immune competence is already set in motion by processes that began in utero. In one particularly innovative project, his laboratory investigated factors that shape the establishment of the infant monkey's normal gut bacteria. Monkeys, like humans, are born sterile, with no bacteria in their guts. Yet, within a few days, millions of bacteria establish themselves in the GI tract. In healthy babies, especially ones that are nursing, several protective species of bacteria predominate. These bacteria, of the genera Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, help protect the baby against pathogenic bacteria, which can cause diarrheic illness. In rhesus monkeys, such pathogens include Shigella and Campylobacter. The Coe teams studies show that disturbances of pregnancy can disrupt the establishment of normal gut flora in the young infant, thereby increasing the risk for pathogenic infections, which then require veterinary care and antibiotic treatments.

Exploring the fetal origins of adult disease is a growing and exciting field,' Coe said. Even the risk for heart disease and diabetes may be traced back to fetal antecedents. Similarly, the predisposition toward allergies and asthma may be evinced in the young baby before the emergence of symptoms later in childhood.'

These observations are changing our views about the importance of the fetal period, and altering when we believe mothers first begin to influence the developmental health of their babies.'

A renowned authority on this topic, Coe frequently gives lectures nationally and internationally. On campus recently, he participated in the UW-Madison Waisman Centers Fall Lecture Series. Coe has been affiliated with the Wisconsin Primate Research Center since he joined the faculty in 1985. His lab uses Animal Services and Pathology Services at the Primate Center.

References:

Coe CL, Shirtcliff EA. Growth trajectory evident at birth affects age  of first delivery in female monkeys. Pediatr Res. 2004 Jun;55(6):914-20. Epub 2004 Mar 17.

Bailey, M.T., Lubach, G.R. & Coe, C.L. (2004) Prenatal conditions alter the bacterial colonization of the gut in the infant monkey. Journal of Pediatric and Clinical Gastroenterology. 38L 414-421.

$10.7 Million Grant to Help Unlock What Regulates Emotion

By Emily Carlson
UW-Madison, Feb. 19, 2004, press release

Even though we all experience similar emotions, we respond to them in different ways. While it might take years for one person to overcome the loss of a family member, it could take another person only a few months.

Understanding what makes a particular individual more emotionally resilient to adversity is the focus a $10.7 million, five-year National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant awarded to a group of

researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The effort, the scientists say, could lead to new developments in the treatment of mood disorders.

While many of us say we feel with our hearts, our brains do much of the work when it comes to regulating emotion. Through a complicated process, the brain sends signals that guide emotional responses to particular life experiences. Why individuals respond differently, however, remains much of a mystery.

For many psychiatric disorders, abnormalities in emotion regulation is essential to understanding what is wrong, says UW-Madison psychologist Richard Davidson, who will direct the research effort. Yet, we know relatively little about why some individuals show abnormalities and others do not.

By using brain imaging technology and other methods, the researchers want to use this new grant to investigate the mechanisms underlying positive and negative emotion regulation. Identifying the genes, molecules and brain circuitry involved in these processes, says Davidson, could help researchers understand why certain individuals can continue to lead happy and productive lives despite the life stresses they encounter.

Projects will be led by Davidson, director of both the W.M. Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Behavior and the Laboratory of Affective Neuroscience; Ned Kalin, professor and chair of the psychiatry department; Hill Goldsmith, professor of psychology; Paul Whalen, assistant professor of psychiatry and psychology; Marilyn Essex, senior scientist in psychiatry; and Andrew Alexander, assistant professor of medical physics and psychiatry.

The new studies, which will rely heavily on brain imaging technology, build upon the foundation laid by the researchers during the last five years — work that has been supported by a $3.7 million grant from NIMH.

A number of the earlier studies, says Davidson, enabled the researchers to develop methods for imaging emotion in the brain and for showing that emotion regulation can vary from person to person. Some studies began to highlight the connection between certain brain regions and emotions, as well as the effects of early childhood experiences on lifelong emotional responses.

The renewed grant funding — almost triple the first amount — signals the increasing importance of emotions research in health sciences and the increasing role UW-Madison plays in this emerging field, says Davidson.

It underscores the uniqueness of what we have here at Wisconsin,' he says. Unlike most center grants that are shared among several institutions, this one funds projects entirely at UW-Madison. Its a testament that we have assembled a really wonderful team of researchers with an effective track record.'

Primate facilities share in emotion regulation grant

The University of Wisconsin-Madison is becoming the epicenter for studies on emotion. In addition to the work done by the HealthEmotions Research Institute, Ned Kalin, institute director and chair of the psychiatry department, and Steven Shelton, distinguished researcher of psychiatry, are conducting cutting-edge research into emotion regulation in nonhuman primates at the Harlow Center for Biological Psychology and the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center.

The Kalin/Shelton primate collaboration has a 30-year history of basic research contributions toward the development of treatments for depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses. This team has demonstrated that the rhesus monkey provides an excellent model for studying mechanisms underlying human anxiety and fear. In collaboration with Davidson, Kalin and Shelton found a link between extreme right frontal brain electrical activity and extreme anxiety in monkeys, a finding consistent with studies done in humans. Kalin and Shelton have since identified other specific neural, endocrine and behavioral characteristics related to inhibition and anxiety. They call this constellation of traits the "anxious endophenotype."

"These findings are particularly relevant to understanding the development of human psychopathology, since children with extremely inhibited temperament and similar biological features are at increased risk to develop anxiety disorders," Shelton said.

Using sophisticated new brain imaging technology, they examined the effects of inactivating the amygdala. They found that, while the amygdala plays an important role in mediating acute fear-related responses, it appears to only minimally affect the biological and behavioral traits associated with the anxious endophenotype.

Now the researchers are using brain imaging technology to focus on the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortical areas. While lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) has been implicated in cognitive processes such as attention, anticipation, and working memory, it also appears to play a role in integrating emotional and cognitive information important in directing goal-related behavior.  In preliminary studies, Kalin and Shelton have demonstrated that exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli increases right LPFC activity in primates.  By systematically evaluating the contributions of LPFC in emotion processing, the researchers aim to identify prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying the anxious endophenotype.

References:

Kalin NH, Shelton SE, and Davidson RJ (2004) The Role of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Mediating Fear and Anxiety in the Primate. Journal of Neuroscience 24(24): 5506-5515.

Kalin NH, Shelton SE (2003) Non-Human Primate Models to Study Anxiety, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1008:189.

Growing UW community working with stem cells

Researchers working with stem cells on campus gathered April 1 at a retreat sponsored by the new Wisconsin Stem Cell Research Program, which is managed by Barbara Lewis in the Graduate School.

James Thomson, WNPRC, WiCell, and Anatomy, and Clive Svendsen, Anatomy and Neurology, led the retreat. The gathering focused on getting everyone to meet their colleagues in related fields, to inform everyone about research and progress, and to identify common needs.

The event at the Promega Biotechnology Center featured speakers, posters, and an early evening reception. Since the stem cell field has grown faster than just about any other at the UW-Madison, many were meeting campus neighbors who shared their interests for the first time. More than 150 researchers are working with stem cells at Wisconsin.

Guest speakers from the Primate Center, included Thaddeus Golos, OB/GYN, who spoke on studying stem cells to learn about the earliest events in reproductive and developmental biology. Jamie Sperger, Thomson Lab, gave a talk on gene expression in human ES cells and germ cell tumors.

At days end, Alto Charo, Law School, spoke on how widely stem cell laws vary from country to country. Svendsen, who has a new grant involving the Primate Center to study Parkinsons Disease, then addressed several questions and suggestions along with Thomson. Top needs identified included building communication, fundraising, outreach, training grants, an image library, and a karyotype facility.

For the latest on whos doing what, visit the Wisconsin Stem Cell Programs new web site at www.stemcells.wisc.edu. Also visit the updated, charter UW-Madison stem cell site at www.news.wisc.edu/packages/stemcells.

Gleanings

Just published

Check out new scientific journal listings at www.primate.wisc.edu/wprc/justpub.html.

NCRR changes

John Strandberg departed NCRR on Jan. 31 after serving five years as director of Comparative Medicine. He is resuming a part-time faculty role in the Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore. Louise Ramm, NCRR deputy director, is serving as interim division director.

Jerry Robinson departed NCRR on Jan. 31 after serving for eight years as the program official responsible for oversight of the National Primate Research Center (NPRC) Program. He is now serving as an administrative liaison for the Washington National Primate Research Center's operations at Tulane University. Franziska Grieder, who earned her D.V.M. at the University of Zúrich, Switzerland, and her Ph.D. in pathobiology at the UW-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, is serving as interim director of the NPRC program.

Longtime caretakers Acker, Pape retire

Leonard Acker, lab animal tech 3, retired April 15. He began at the Harlow Primate Laboratory in 1966. He worked for 28 years at the Centers monkey facility at Vilas Zoo, then began working with Primate Center rhesus monkeys in SIV/HIV research in the late 1980s. He and his wife Nancy Acker, who worked at the Center for 13 years, plan on enjoying their cottage in Lake Camelot, Wisconsin, and spending time with their children and grandchildren.

Harry Pape retired Feb. 6 as a lab animal tech 3. He started in 1968 at the Harlow Primate Laboratory before moving to the Primate Center. Harry has also played bass for many years in his oldies/folk/country/standards band in Salk City and Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin, and plans to keep right on strumming.

Recognitions

Ashley Haase, Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, has been elected to membership in the Institute of Medicine. The prestigious election represents a commitment to serve in Institute affairs. The Institute is recognized as a national resource for independent, scientifically informed analysis and recommendations on human health issues. Haase is a WNPRC affiliate working in AIDS research.

Ray Hamel, WNPRC Library and Information Services, was appointed in January to a two-year term as the media reviews editor for the American Journal of Primatology.

Center affiliate Reinhold Hutz, Biological sciences, UW-Milwaukee, traveled to Tokyo, Japan April 4-18. Dr. Hutz was named a Fulbright Senior Specialist in Environmental Science to the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.

Edith Chan received her M.B.A. on Dec. 14 from Edgewood College in Madison. Edi has worked at the Primate Center as executive assistant in the Directors Office for the past 23 years.

WNRPC Director Joe Kemnitz has been elected chair of the Biological Sciences Division, Gerontological Society of America. He will serve a three-year term, beginning November 2004.

Eva Rakasz, WNPRC Immunology Section, served on the April NIH study section, "Sexually Transmitted Infections and Topical Microbicides Clinical Research Centers," in Washington, D.C.

Mary Schneider, Kinesiology, was honored April 28 by the School of Education with a Distinguished Achievement Award. Schneider is part of the Waisman Center's Social and Affective Processes Unit. Her research focuses on behavioral and neurobiological effects from fetal alcohol exposure alone or in combination with prenatal stress.

Karen Strier, Anthropology, received a Chancellor's Award recognizing her excellence in teaching. The Wisconsin Alumni Association (WAA) and Office of the Secretary of the Faculty presented Strier and other UW instructors with the 2004 Faculty Distinguished Teaching Awards April 27 at the Memorial Union.

David Watkins, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, WNPRC Immunogenetics & Virology, has been appointed to the prestigious Baltimore Committee, which advises the National Institutes of Health on matters regarding AIDS vaccine development.

Twilight tornado hits offices

An F-1 tornado cut a swath through the University Research Park neighborhood at approximately 8:30 p.m. on June 23. Fortunately, neither people nor university-owned animals were injured. While numerous trees and several other buildings sustained extensive damage, the Primate Centers administrative offices pulled through relatively intact. A window in our grants office blew out, and papers and ceiling tiles were scattered in that corner of the building.

New on the Net

The Centers Library and Information Services web site, has been updated. The staff has also been involved in a nine-month project to revamp Primate Info Net.

The UW-Madison Research Animal Resources Center (RARC) web site has a new look, with links to campus animal care guidelines, the USDA, Animal Welfare Act and more.

Visitors

Babette Fontenot, New Iberia Research Center in Louisiana, met with animal care staff in December. Fontenot heads her centers Division of Behavioral Sciences, established to comply with the 1985 Animal Welfare Act. She and her staff seek to provide environments suitable for the expression of a broad range of species-appropriate behaviors, and to minimize negative and self-injurious behaviors. Areas she addresses include social grouping, increasing foraging opportunities, structure and substrate, manipulanda, and infants and juveniles special needs.

Ji-Won Yoon, one of the world's foremost diabetes research experts, presented a seminar on molecular pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes at the Primate Center in May. Joon's research team at Fitch University of Health Sciences/Chicago Medical School discovered that the gene GAD is what causes the body's immune system to kill insulin-producing cells in people with diabetes. Joon, who directs Immunologic Research at the school, plans to collaborate with the Primate Center to expand his research from rodents to monkeys.

Marcia Cristina Ribeiro Andrade, from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, visited the Center in June. She received training in animal management, husbandry and therapeutic procedures, as well as offering her veterinary experience and perspectives to our staff.

Michael Sussman, who directs the UW Biotechnology Center, a close affiliate of the Primate Center, gave an April talk on stem cells, genetics, outreach and more.

Alejandro Estrada, Los Tuxtlas, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, presented a January roundtable and February seminar on his field research with primates, birds and insects. He is based in the UW-Madison Anthropology Department while on sabbatical this year, and is using the Primate Center Library Services and Assay Services.

Pia Nybom, Ciphergan Biosystems, gave a February seminar on accelerating protein discovery, characterization, ID and assay in clinical and research proteomics.

Christopher Cold, Marshfield Clinic, presented a December seminar entitled, "Comparative Anatomy of Primate Genitalia Touch Receptors."

Ann K. Rosenthal, Medical College of Wisconsin, gave a May seminar entitled "Pathologic mineralization in aging joints."

Dave Walker, Mayo Clinic, visited WNPRC researchers Deb Barnett and David Abbott in December. Walker was processing ovarian follicular cells at the Center. Barnett and Abbott are researching causes and treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome in collaboration with Dan Dumesic, OB/GYN, at the Mayo Clinic.

Stanley Wiegand, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, gave an October seminar, "The Search for New Obesity Treatments: Clinical Trials of Axokine, Activation of Leptin Pathways, and Assessment of New Targets using High-throughput Functional Genomics."

Stuart Zola, who directs the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, presented an October Primate Center and UW Lecture Series seminar, "Monkeys, Memory and Magic," on his Alzheimer's research.

New staff and affiliates

Tom Butler is interim vet

Thomas Butler, D.V.M., M.S., ACLAM, is serving as interim Associate Director for Animal Services and Attending Veterinarian. Tom has extensive experience in primate medicine as head of the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antonio. He also runs a consulting service in lab animal medicine. Butler began April 7 and is leading the search for a new head veterinarian, as Iris Bolton departed the Center in March to accept a position in Michigan.

New Staff

Brad Acheson, programmer analyst, Operational Services, Dec 1.

Sterling Anderson, information processing specialist, Operational Services, Dec. 29.

Amanda Briggs, project assistant 3, Watkins Lab, Feb. 8

Kristina Cawthon, research assistant, Kemnitz Unit, Jan. 19.

Cristina Clark, interim clinical vet, Animal Services, May 24.

Cathren Doss, program assistant 2, Director's Office and Operational Services, Jan 12.

Casey Fitz, lab animal tech, Animal Services, Nov. 16.

Takashi Kameda, visiting assistant scientist, Thomson Lab, April 1.

Dustin LaFore, lab animal tech, Animal Services, Dec. 15

Amy Schara, lab animal tech, Animal Services, Nov. 17.

Jodie Schilling, lab animal tech, Animal Services, March 15.

Josh Smith, lab animal tech, Animal Services, Dec. 22.

Kim Weisgrau, associate research specialist, Immunology & Virology, Nov. 3.

Promotions

Edith Breburda, assistant researcher, Golos Lab, Feb. 1.

Vicky Carter, vet tech 3, Animal Services, July 11.

Vezira Hadzic, lab animal tech 3, Animal Services, Oct. 5.

Edward Steele, associate research specialist, Animal Services, Dec. 14.

Shawn Theile, lab animal tech 2, Animal Services, Dec. 14.

Kirby Toberman, financial specialist 2, Operational Services, Nov. 16.

Maksym Vodyanyk, research associate, Thomson Lab, April 4.

Departures

Debra Brown, Operational Services, July 11.

Mary Bruno, Animal Services, March 19.

Tsuyoshi Kayo, Weindruch Group, Dec. 31.

Jennifer Kemp, Animal Services, Jan. 24.

Jehan King, Pathology, April 1.

Mark Levenstein, Thomson Lab (now at WiCell), Dec. 31.

Chris Murphy, Thomson Lab, March 29.

Joshua Ooyman, Operational Services, Dec. 30.

Annmarie Paprocki, Schramm Lab, June 11.

Karla Portratz, Animal Services, Nov. 19.

Karthik Ramachandram, Thomson Lab, April 26.

Charles Schobert, Animal Services, June 24.

Angela Schoolmeesters, Virology Services, April 30.

James Turk, Abbott Lab, May 22.

---

This is the text-only, electronic version of Centerline, which is published twice per year by the Wisconsin Primate Research Center, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715-1299. This newsletter provides updates on scientific research and supporting activities funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources. We welcome enquiries about our research programs in primate biomedicine and conservation. We can also provide references for scientific papers or other information concerning topics addressed in this newsletter. Please send correspondence to:

, Senior Editor
Wisconsin Primate Research Center
1220 Capitol Court
Madison, WI 53715-1299
Telephone (608)263-7024
FAX (608)263-3524