VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 8th Edition Edited By H. Richard Adams Iowa State University Press Ames, IA 2001 PREFACE Welcome to the 21st century and the eighth edition of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. The first edition of this textbook was authored almost 50 years ago by a pioneer in veterinary pharmacology, Dr. L. Meyer Jones. He dedicated the first edition primarily to professional students learning pharmacology as part of their quest to become doctors of veterinary medicine. Now, almost one-half century and seven revisions later, the eighth edition of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics is likewise dedicated to veterinary medical students enrolled in professional colleges and schools of veterinary medicine. The authors and editor of this text have compiled in one book a comprehensive resource for students to learn basic and applied principles of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. Although this textbook is directed to the professional veterinary student, expanded coverage of pharmacology has broadened its audience to also include graduate students in the biomedical sciences, residents and interns in medicine and surgery, laboratory animal specialists, and research investigators who utilize animals, to name just a few. Furthermore, because practicing veterinarians who already have earned their DVM or VMD are lifetime students of veterinary medicine, this text is also intended as a desktop reference for veterinary practitioners to review details about drugs, drug mechanisms, and their clinical applications. The authors and editor sincerely seek critical feedback from students, practitioners, academic colleagues, and others as to whether the book is meeting its goals and how future editions can be improved. Veterinary pharmacology has changed dramatically in many complex ways since the first edition of this textbook was published. This evolving complexity is reflected in the changing faces of the different editions of this book. A single veterinary pharmacologist, Dr. Jones, was able to author the entire textbook in excellent fashion by himself in 1954. By the third edition in 1965, several more contributors had joined Dr. Jones, and by the seventh edition in 1995, more than two dozen authors were necessary to adequately cover the breadth of veterinary pharmacology necessary for the "fountainhead" textbook in this field. Pharmacology and its sister disciplines, veterinary pharmacology and veterinary clinical pharmacology, have simply become too complex to be adequately covered by only a few authors. We are fortunate that the eighth edition includes chapters authored by 27 contemporary pharmacologists, each one a recognized and well-published expert in some aspect of veterinary pharmacology and veterinary clinical pharmacology. The 1990s witnessed an explosion of new drugs and increased understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the pharmacodynamic actions of both new and older pharmacologic agents. However, the full clinical relevance of such exciting discoveries is adequately understood only in a few cases. This textbook focuses on those aspects of pharmacology that have clinical applications in veterinary medicine and surgery. Attempts were not made to address every available drug or to continue to discuss older drugs that are infrequently used. Rather, the authors focused on basic mechanisms of representative drugs from the most important classes of therapeutic agents. An understanding of basic drug mechanisms and their pharmacotherapeutic applications in the presence of disease provides the basis for problem solving in clinical medicine. We believe this approach provides the most effective way to learn pharmacology and therapeutics, rather than rote memorization of pyramiding facts. This edition includes considerable revision of existing materials, again reflecting the changing contents of veterinary pharmacology. A new chapter, "Drugs Affecting Animal Behavior," was added to reflect the expanding importance of animal behavior and its therapeutic modulation. Continuing its success from the seventh edition, a section on specialty areas of pharmacology was included to cover those important aspects of pharmacology that overlap multiple facets of pharmacotherapeutics which do not readily fit into single traditional drug groups. H. Richard Adams TABLE OF CONTENTS Contributors...vii Preface ...ix Section 1. Principles of Pharmacology...3 1. Veterinary Pharmacology: An Introduction to the Discipline...3 Scott Anthony Brown and Lloyd E. Davis 2. Pharmacodynamics: Mechanisms of Drug Action...9 Mark J. Novotny 2. Pharmacokinetics: Disposition and Fate of Drugs in the Body...15 Scott Anthony Brown 2. Clinical Pharmacology: Principles of Thorapeutics...57 Mark J. Novotny Section 2. Drugs Acting on the Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems...69 5. Introduction to Neurohumoral Transmission and the Autonomic Nervous System...69 H. Richard Adams 6. Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists...91 H. Richard Adams 7. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Autonomic Drugs...117 H. Richard Adams 8. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents...137 H. Richard Adams Section 3. Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System...153 9. Introduction to Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System and Principles of Anesthesiology...153 Eugene P. Steffey 10. Therapeutic Gases: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Nitric Oxide...172 Eugene P. Steffey 11. Inhalation Anesthetics...184 Eugene P. Steffey 12. Injectable Anesthetics...213 Keith R. Branson 13. Opioid Agonists and Antagonists...268 Keith R. Branson and Marjorie E. Gross 14. Tranquilizers, alpha-2-Adrenergic Agonists, and Related Agents...299 Marjorie E. Gross 15. Local Anesthetics...343 Khursheed R. Mama and Eugene P. Steffey 16. Anticonvulsant Drugs and Analeptic Agents...360 Dawn M. Boothe 17. Drugs Affecting Animal Behavior...383 Dawn M. Boothe 18. Euthanizing Agents...397 Eugene P Steffey Section 4. Autacoids and Anti-inflammatory...403 19. Histamine, Serotonin, and Their Antagonists...403 H. Richard Adams 20. Peptides: Angiotensin and Kinins...413 H. Richard Adams 21. Prostaglandins, Related Factors, and Cytokines...420 H. Richard Adams 22. The Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory Drugs...433 Dawn M. Boothe Section 5. Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System...453 23. Digitalis and Vasodilator Drugs...453 H. Richard Adams 24. Antiarrhythmic Agents...482 H. Richard Adams Section 6. Drugs Affecting Renal Function and Fluid-Electrolyte Balance...501 25. Principles of Acid-Base Balance: Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy...534 Deborah T. Kochevar 26. Diuretics...534 Deborah T Kochevar Section 7. Drugs Acting on Blood and Blood Elements...553 27. Antianemic Agents...553 Martin J. Fettman and H. Richard Adams 28. Hemostatic and Anticoagulant Drugs...571 H. Richard Adams 29. Blood and Blood Components...586 Dawn M. Boothe Section 8. Endocrine Pharmacology...593 30. Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones...593 Duncan C. Ferguson and Margarethe Hoenig 31. Hormones Affecting Reproduction...612 Frederick N. Thompson 32. Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroid Drugs...626 Duncan C. Ferguson 33. Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, and Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors...649 Duncan C. Ferguson and Margarethe Hoenig 34. Drugs Influencing Glucose Metabolism...672 Margarethe Hoenig Section 9. Nutritional Pharmacology...683 35. Fat-Soluble Vitamins...683 Martin J. Fettman 36. Water-Soluble Vitamins...702 Martin J. Fettman 37. Calcium, Phosphorus, and Other Macroelements...722 Martin J. Fettman 38. Trace Elements and Miscellaneous Nutrients Martin J. Fettman...744 Section 10. Chemotherapy of Microbial Diseases...783 39. Antiseptics and Disinfectants...783 Mark C. Heit and Jim E. Riviere 40. Sulfonamides...796 Jerry W. Spoo and Jim E. Riviere 41. Penicillins and Related beta-Lactam Antibiotics Shelly L. Vaden and Jim E. Riviere...818 42. Tetracycline Antibiotics...828 Jim E. Riviere and Jerry W. Spoo 43. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics...841 Jim E. Riviere and Jerry W. Spoo 44. Chloramphenicol and Derivatives, Macrolides , Lincosamides, and Miscellaneous Antimicrobials...868 Mark G. Papich and Jim E. Riviere 45. Fluoroquinolone Antimicrobial Drugs...898 Mark G. Papich and Jim E. Riviere 46. Antifungal and Antiviral Drugs...918 Mark G. Papich, Mark C. Heit, and Jim E. Riviere Section 11. Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases...947 47. Antinematodal Drugs...947 Craig R. Reinemeyer and Charles H. Courtney 48. Anticestodal and Antitrematodal Drugs...980 Craig R. Reinemeyer and Charles H. Courtney 49. Antiprotozoan Drugs...992 David S. Lindsay and Byron L. Blagburn 50. Ectoparasiticides...1017 Byron L. Blagburn and David S. Lindsay Section 12. Specialty Areas of Pharmacology...1041 51. Drugs Affecting Gastrointestinal Function...1041 Dawn M. Boothe 52. Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases...1064 Kenita S. Rogers and Gordon L. Coppoc 53. Dermatopharmacology: Drugs Acting Locally on the Skin...1084 Jim E. Riviere and Jerry W. Spoo 54. Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System...1105 Dawn M. Boothe 55. Ophthalmic Pharmacology...1120 Cecil P. Moore Section 13. Regulatory Considerations...1149 56. Legal Control of Veterinary Drugs...1149 Stephen E. Sundlof 57. Dosage Forms, Drug Prescription Orders, and Veterinary Feed Directives...1157 Scott Anthony Brown 58. Chemical Residues in Tissues of Food Animals...1166 Jim E. Riviere and Stephen E. Sundlof Index...1175 WHERE TO ORDER: Iowa State University Press 2121 South State Street Ames, Iowa 50014-8300 Phone: 800-862-6657 Fax: 515-292-3348 Web site: www.isupress.com COST: 149.95 Hardcover (ISBN: 0813817439)
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