PRIORITIES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY
Has the Panda had its day?
Edited by
Abigail Entwistle
Flora & Fauna International
And
Nigel Dunstone
University of Durham
Cambridge University Press
2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of contributors [xi]
Foreword by the Earl of Cranbrook [xiii]
Preface [xv]
Acknowledgements [xvii]
1. Mammal conservation: current contexts and opportunities [1]
ABIGAIL C. ENTWISTLE, SIMON MICKLEBURGH AND NIGEL DUNSTONE
Part 1 Justifying the conservation of mammals
2 Ecological roles of mammals: the case of seed dispersal [11]
ELLEN ANDRESEN
3 Patterns and processes in contemporary mammalian extinction [27]
GEORGINA M. MACE AND ANDREW BALMFORD
4 Charismatic megafauna as 'flagship species' [53]
NIGEL LEADER-WILLIAMS AND HOLLY T. DUBLIN
Part 2 Setting priorities for mammalian conservation
5 Assessing large 'flagship species' for representing the diversity of
sub-Saharan mammals [85]
PAUL H. WILLIAMS, NEIL BURGESS AND CARSTEN RAHBEK
6 Abundance/mass relationships as a quantified basis for establishing
mammal conservation priorities [101]
STEPHEN HARRIS, GRAEME MCLAREN, MARY MORRIS, PATRICK A. MORRIS AND DEREK YALDEN
7 Small mammals and the conservation agenda [119]
ABIGAIL C. ENTWISTLE AND PETER J. STEPHENSON
8 Rare mammals, research and realpolitik: priorities for biodiversity and
ecology? [141]
PAUL W. BRIGHT AND PATRICK A. MORRIS
Part 3 Conservation approaches for mammalian species and diversity
9 Does legislation conserve and does research drive policy? The case of
bats in the UK [159]
PAUL A. RACEY
10 British mammals: is there a radical future? [175]
DAVID W. MACDONALD, GEORGINA M. MACE AND STEVE RUSHTON
11 Conservation of large mammals in Africa. What lessons and challenges
for the future? [207]
PHILIP MURUTHI, MARK STANLEY PRICE, PRITPAL SOORAE, CYNTHIA MOSS AND
ANNETTE LANJOUW
12 Which mammals benefit from protection in East Africa? [221]
TIM M. CARO, MARCEL REJMANEK AND NEIL PELKEY
11 The role of Transfrontier Conservation Areas in southern Africa in the
conservation of mammalian biodiversity [239]
JOHN HANKS
14 Tourism and protected areas - distorting conservation priorities
towards charismatic megafauna? [257]
HAROLD J. GOODWIN AND NIGEL LEADER-WILLIAMS
15 Integrating hunting and protected areas in the Amazon [277]
RICHARD E. BODMER
16 Priorities for captive breeding - which mammals should board the ark? [291]
ANDREW BALMFORD
17 A recipe for species conservation: multidisciplinary ingredients [309]
ANNA T C. FEISTNER AND JEREMY J. C. MALLINSON
18 What has the panda taught us? [325]
LU ZHI, PAN WENSHI, ZHU XIAOJIAN, WANG DAJUN AND WANG HAO
19 Never say die: fighting species extinction [335]
KATHY MACKINNON
20 Practical approaches for including mammals in biodiversity conservation
[355]
JEFFREY A. MCNEELY
21 Future priorities for mammalian conservation [369]
ABIGAIL C. ENTWISTLE AND NIGEL DUNSTONE
References [389]
Index [437]
FROM BACK COVER
Recent analysis have shown that about a quarter of all mammal species are
threatened with extinction. At the same time, the conservation movement is
moving rapidly away from a traditional "protectionist" approach to nature
to a more integrated view of wildlife and landscape conservation, within
the contest of human use. This volume provides the first review of modern
conservation approaches as they relate to mammals. Bringing together both
researchers and conservation managers, it presents perspectives on issues
relating to the role of mammals within the conservation movement, how
priorities should be set and funds allocated within mammalian conservation
and which techniques and approaches are likely to be most successful in
conserving mammals in the 21st century. The focus on mammals allows issues
of broader conservation relevance to be highlighted, including the
integration of species and biodiversity approaches to conservation, the
role of "flagship species" and the need to develop holistic conservation
models that relate to the broader context of society and government.
ABIGAIL ENTWISTLE is Senior Scientist at Fauna & Flora International, where
she has worked on a broad range of conservation issues from biological
surveys to the development of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action
Plans. Her particular interest is in the integration of conservation
biology research into policy development and project management.
NIGEL DUNSTONE is Lecturer in Zoology at the Centre for Tropical Ecology,
Department of Biological Sciences in the University of Durham. He is a
member of the Cat Specialist group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission,
and a consultant on the impact of introduced species of mammals and on
ecotourism development. He is author of The Mink (I993), and co-editor of
Mammals as Predators (1993) with M. L. Gorman, The Exploitation of Mammal
Populations (1996) with V. J- Taylor, and Behaviour and Ecology of Riparian
Mammals (1999) with M. L. Gorman.
FROM CHAPTER 1 (Introduction)
This volume offers an opportunity to reflect on, and reconsider, the role
of mammals within the conservation movement. In doing so we hope to
identify future directions and priorities within this discipline, and to
explore the relationship between single species approaches and conservation
of biodiversity (including mammalian diversity). In this we will attempt to
answer the question in the subtitle of this book ('Has the panda had its
day?'), in which the panda implicitly represents traditional
species-focused conservation approaches. In developing this volume we
considered the current status of mammalian conservation, and identified a
series of issues and questions which are outlined in this chapter. These in
turn served as the framework for the subsequent development of the rest of
this volume.
It would seem to many people that mammals receive a disproportionate amount
of attention within conservation, and in books about conservation. This
relatively small class comprising around 4500 species (many fewer compared,
for instance, to insects or fish), has long been the focus, and often the
catalyst, for conservation efforts. Why then produce a book focused
specifically upon the conservation of mammals, especially when many other,
less charismatic, taxa appear to receive so little attention? Historically
the conservation movement developed in response to perceived declines in
mammal populations, particularly those of large species, such as
carnivores, elephants and rhinos (Fitter and Scott, 1978). Since then,
mammals have continued to be the focus for a broad range of conservation
programmes, and have often provided the models for management approaches
then applied to other groups. However, it is not clear how successful
mammalian conservation has actually been. Despite the long history of
mammalian conservation and the willingness to take action to protect these
species, recent reviews indicate that over 25 % of mammal species face some
risk of extinction (IUCN, 1996). If we cannot conserve mammals - with their
strong inherent appeal - the question must be, what can we conserve? If
conservation of mammals is failing, then the reasons why and the ways
forward need to be identified, not just for the benefit of mammals, but
also to provide information relevant to other taxonomic groups. There is
clearly a need for all involved in conservation to reassess on a regular
basis their criteria for action. Only by questioning and re-examining
progress can we identify new perspectives and directions for the
conservation work that we undertake.
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