Edited by Walter Carl Hartwig Touro University Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology 33 Cambridge University Press 2002 FROM THE BACK COVER The Primate Fossil Record is the first comprehensive treatment of primate paleontology in more than 20 years. Profusely illustrated and up to date, it captures the complete history of the discovery and interpretation of primate fossils. The chapters range from primate origins to the advent of anatomically modern humans. Each emphasizes three key components of the record of primate evolution: history of discovery, taxonomy of the fossils, and evolution of the adaptive radiations they represent. The Primate Fossil Record summarizes objectively the many intellectual debates surrounding the fossil record and provides a foundation of reference information on the last two decades of astounding discoveries and worldwide field research for physical anthropologists, paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. Walter Hartwig is Associate Professor of Anatomy at Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in northern California. He has conducted paleontological field research in South America and Africa, and has authored over 40 scientific articles and book chapters on comparative anatomy, primate evolution and the history of sciences. Professor Hartwig is also founder and director of ibob.org, a non-profit organization dedicated to improving medical care, education and scientific research in underdeveloped countries. CONTENTS List of contributors ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xii Abbreviations xiii 1. Introduction to The Primate Fossil Record 1 Walter Carl Hartwig 2. The origin of primates 5 David Tab Rasmussen The earliest primates and the fossil record of prosimians 11 3. The earliest fossil primates and the evolution of prosimians: Introduction 13 Herbert H. Covert 4. Adapiformes: Phylogeny and adaptation 21 Daniel L. Gebo 5. Tarsiiformes: Evolutionary history and adaptation 45 Gregg F. Gunnell and Kenneth D. Rose 6. Fossil lorisoids 83 Erica M. Phillips and Alan Walker 7. Quaternary fossil lemurs 97 Laurie R. Godfrey and William L Jungers The origin and diversification of anthropoid primates 123 8. The origin and diversification of anthropoid primates: Introduction 125 Marian Dagosto 9. Basal anthropoids 133 K. Christopher Beard 10. Platyrrhine paleontology and systematics: The paradigm shifts 151 Alfred L. Rosenberger 11. Early platyrrhines of southern South America 161 John G. Fleagle and Marcelo F. Tejedor 12. Miocene platyrrhines of the northern Neotropics 175 Walter Carl Hartwig and D. Jeffrey Meldrum 13. Extinct Quaternary platyrrhines of the Greater Antilles and Brazil 189 Ross D. E. MacPhee and Ines Horovitz The fossil record of early catarrhines and Old World monkeys 201 14. Early Catarrhines of the African Eocene and Oligocene 203 David Tab Rasmussen 15. The Pliopithecoidea 221 David R. Begun 16. The Victoriapithecidae, Cercopithecoidea 241 Brenda R. Benefit and Monte L. McCrossin 17. Fossil Old World monkeys: The late Neogene radiation 255 Nina G. Jablonski The fossil record of hominoid primates 301 18. Perspectives on the Miocene Hominoidea 303 David R. Pilbeam 19. Late Oligocene to middle Miocene catarrhines from Afro-Arabia 311 Terry Harrison 20. European hominoids 339 David R. Begun 21. The hominoid radiation in Asia 369 Jay Kelley 22. Middle and late Miocene African hominoids 385 Steven C. Ward and Dana L. Duren The fossil record of human ancestry 399 23. Introduction to the fossil record of human ancestry 401 Henry M. McHenry 24. Earliest hominids 407 Tim D. White 25. Early Genus Homo 419 Holly Dunsworth and Alan Walker 26. Migrations, radiations and continuity: Patterns in the evolution of Middle and Late Pleistocene humans 437 Fred H. Smith References 457 Historical figures index 519 Taxonomic index 523 CONTRIBUTORS K. Christopher Beard Vertebrate Paleontology Section Carnegie Museum of Natural History Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA David R. Begun Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Toronto, ONT, M5S 3G3 Canada Brenda R. Benefit Department of Sociology and Anthropology New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Herbert H. Covert Department of Anthropology University of Colorado-Boulder Boulder, CO 80309, USA Marian Dagosto Department of CMS Biology Northwestern University Chicago, IL 60611, USA Holly Dunsworth Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA Dana L. Duren School of Biomedical Sciences Kent State University Kent, OH 44242, USA John G. Fleagle Anatomical Sciences State University of New York Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA Daniel L. Gebo Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University DeKalb, IL 601 15, USA Laurie R. Godfrey Department of Anthropology University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA Gregg F. Gunnell Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Terry Harrison Department of Anthropology New York University New York, NY 10003, USA Walter C. Hartwig Department of Basic Sciences Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA Ines Horwitz Section of Mammalogy Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA Nina G. Jablonski Department of Anthropology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, CA 94115, USA William L. Jungers Anatomical Sciences State University of New York Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA Jay Kelley Department of Oral Biology College of Dentistry University of Illinois-Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, USA Ross D.E. MacPhee Division of Vertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York, NY 10024, USA Monte L. McCrossin Department of Sociology and Anthropology New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA Henry M. McHenry Department of Anthropology University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95116, USA D. Jeffrey Meldrum Department of Biological Sciences Idaho State University Pocatello, ID 83202, USA Erica M. Phillips Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA David R. Pilbeam Peabody Museum Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA David Tab Rasmussen Department of Anthropology Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130, USA Kenneth D. Rose Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Alfred L. Rosenberger Department of Public Programs National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560, USA Fred H. Smith Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University DeKalb, IL 60115, USA Marcelo F. Tejedor Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Sede Esquel, Universidad Nacional de la Pat Esquel, Prov. Chubut, 9200, Argentina Alan Walker Department of Anthropology Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA Steven C. Ward Department of Anatomy NE Ohio University College of Medicine Rootstown, OH 44272, USA Tim D. White Laboratory of Human Evolutionary Studies Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California-Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720, USA PREFACE The idea for this book arose from discussions with Alfred L. Rosenberger, F. Clark Howell, Eric Delson and John Fleagle in 1998. I was anxious for the revision of Fred Szalay and Eric Delson's seminal reference work Evolutionary History of the Primates (Academic Press, 1979). Twenty years after publication this work was still the standard reference work for the primate fossil record, but many new and important fossils had been discovered in the meantime. I realized that only Eric and Fred could update their own reference work effectively, so I polled several colleagues to see if we could mount a group effort independent of them. To my delight the 31 contributors agreed to the effort immediately and enthusiastically. Our goal was to document the record usefully and objectively, and in a manner that would serve as a referential starting point for study of the history, classification and interpretation of the primate fossil record. Once assembly of the book began in earnest it was clear that a comprehensive volume of all factual information and historical chronicle of the primate fossil record would be much larger than the practical word limit to which Cambridge and I had agreed. In some ways this may signal the end of large-scale primate evolution reference works in a printed medium. But I believe it also compelled the contributors to distill the essential information of history, taxonomy and interpretation from the vast accumulation reflected in the bibliography. My role in all of this was merely to build the whole out of the parts. As this required me to navigate through every sentence of every chapter, I alone am responsible for any errors or omissions in the final product. Walter Carl Hartwig Mare Island Vallejo, California WHERE TO ORDER Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street New York, NY 10011-4211, USA Phone: 1-800-872-7423 Fax: 914-937-4712 Web site: http://www.cambridge.org Price: $175.00(Hardbound) ISBN: 0-521-66315-6 Book received: 7-16-02 Posted date: 9-12-02
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