PRIMATE ORIGINS OF HUMAN COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR
Tetsuro Matsuzawa (Ed.)
Springer-Verlag Tokyo
2001
Biologists and anthropologists in Japan have played a crucial role in the
development of primatology as a scientific discipline. Publication of
Primate Origins of Human Cognition and Behavior under the editorship of
Tetsuro Matsuzawa reaffirms the pervasive and creative role played by the
intellectual descendants of Kinji Imanishi and Jun'ichiro Itani in the
fields of behavioral ecology, psychology, and cognitive science. Matsuzawa
and his colleagues-humans and other primate partners-explore a broad range
of issues including the phylogeny of perception and cognition; the origin
of human speech; learning and memory; recognition of self, others, and
species; society and social interaction; and culture. With data from field
and laboratory studies of more than 90 primate species and of more than 50
years long-term research, the intellectual breadth represented in this
volume makes it a major contribution to comparative cognitive science and
to current views on the origin of human mind and behavior.
CONTENTS
Foreword by ROBERT SEYFARTH AND DOROTHY CHENEY...VII
Preface by TETSURO MATSUZAWA...IX
List of Authors...XIX
Part 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE SCIENCE
1 Primate Foundations of Human Intelligence: A View of Tool Use in Nonhuman
Primates and Fossil Hominids TETSURO MATSUZAWA...3
Part 2 PHYLOGENY OF PERCEPTION AND COGNITION
2 What You See is Different from What I See: Species Differences in Visual
Perception KAZUO FUJITA...29
3 Investigating Visual Perception and Cognition in Chimpanzees (Pan
troglodytes) Through Visual Search and Related Tasks: From Basic to Complex
Processes MASAKI TOMONAGA...55
4 Processing of the Global and Local Dimensions of Visual Hierarchical
Stimuli by Humans (Homo sapiens), Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and
Baboons (Papio papio) JOEL FAGOT, MASAKI TOMONAGA, AND CHRISTINE DERUELLE...87
5 How Do We Eat? Hypothesis of Foraging Strategy from the Viewpoint of
Gustation in Primates YOSHIKAZU UENO...104
Part 3 ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPEECH: AUDITORY PERCEPTION AND VOCALIZATION
6 Lemur Vocal Communication and the Origin of Human Language RYO ODA...115
7 Vocal Exchange of Coo Calls in Japanese Macaques HIDEKI SUGIURA...135
8 Hearing and Auditory-Visual Intermodal Recognition in the Chimpanzee
KAZUHIDE HASHIYA AND SHOZO KOJIMA...155
9 Early Vocal Development in a Chimpanzee Infant SHOZO KOJIMA...190
Part 4 LEARNING AND MEMORY
10 Numerical Competence in a Chimpanzee: Cardinal and Ordinal Skills DORA
BIRO AND TETSURO MATSUZAWA...199
11 Reproductive Memory Processes in Chimpanzees: Homologous Approaches to
Research on Human Working Memory NOBUYUKI KAWAI AND TETSURO MATSUZAWA...226
12 Establishment of Line Tracing on a Touch Monitor as a Basic: Drawing
Skill in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) IVER H. IVERSEN AND TETSURO
MATSUZAWA...235
13 Object Recognition and Object Categorization in Animals MASAKO JITSUMORI
AND JUAN D. DELIUS...269
Part 5 RECOGNITION OF SELF, OTHERS, AND SPECIES
14 Mirror Self-Recognition in Primates: An Ontogenetic and a Phylogenetic
Approach NORIKO INOUE-NAKAMURA...297
15 The Level of Self-Knowledge in Nonhuman Primates: From the Perspective
of Comparative Cognitive Psychology SHOJI ITAKURA...313
16 Self- and Other-Control in Squirrel Monkeys JAMES R. ANDERSON...330
17 Evolutionary Foundation and Development of Imitation MASAKO
MYOWA-YAMAKOSHI...349
18 Species Recognition by Macaques Measured by Sensory Reinforcement KAZUO
FUJITA...368
19 Evolution of the Human Eye as a Device for Communication HIROMI
KOBAYASHI AND SHIRO KOHSHIMA...383
Part 6 SOCIETY AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
20 A Review of 50 years of Research on the Japanese Monkeys of Koshima:
Status and Dominance KUNIO WATANABE...405
21 Mother-Offspring Relationship in Macaques MASAYUKI NAKAMICHI...418
22 The Myth of Despotism and Nepotism: Dominance and Kinship in Matrilineal
Societies of Macaques SHUICHI MATSUMURA...441
23 Decision Making in Social Interactions by Monkeys YASUYUKI MUROYAMA...463
Part 7 CULTURE
24 "Sweet-Potato Washing" Revisited SATOSHI HIRATA, KUNIO WATANABE, AND
MASAO KAWAI...487
25 Tube Test in Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques: Use of Sticks and Stones to
Obtain Fruit from a Transparent Pipe ICHIROU TANAKA, EISHI TOKIDA, HARUO
TAKEFUSHI, AND TOSHIO HAGIWARA...509
26 Tool Use by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of the Arnhem Zoo Community
HIDEKO TAKESHITA AND JAN A.R.A.M. VAN HOOPF...519
27 Ecology of Tool Use in Wild Chimpanzees: Toward Reconstruction of Early
Hominid Evolution GEN YAMAKOSHI...537
28 Emergence of Culture in Wild Chimpanzees: Education by
Master-Apprenticeship TETSURO MATSUZAWA, DORA BIRO, TATYANA HUMLE, NORIKO
INOUE-NAKAMURA, RIKAKO TONOOOKA, AND GEN YAMAKOSHI...557
FORWARD
The modern study of primate behavior-involving continuous,
long-term observations of known individuals-began in 1948, when Kinji
Imanishi and Jun'ichiro Itani began to observe free-ranging Japanese
macaques at a number of sites in Japan. In the years that followed they
were joined by several other investigators, and in 1956 they formed the
Japan Monkey Centre.
Scientists in Europe and North America generally remained ignorant
of these pioneering Japanese studies until 1957, when the Japan Monkey
Centre began to publish the journal Primates. Although the first volume
contained only articles written in Japanese, subsequent volumes were
published in English, thanks to a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.
Contact between scientists in Japan and the West was further encouraged in
1965, when Stuart Altmann, then at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research
Center, received a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to
translate and publish a number of seminal papers written by Japanese
scientists between 1957 and 1961. These papers show clearly that Japanese
primatologists were the first to document the existence of ranked,
matrilineal kin groups in the societies of one Old World monkey, the
Japanese macaque. Similar social organizations were soon documented among
rhesus macaques, bonnet macaques, baboons, vervet monkeys, and many other
species including elephants. Today, it is too often assumed that the
significance of female-bonded primate groups was not recognized until the
late 1960s and 1970s, when American and British women began to study
primates. In fact, it was male Japanese scientists, themselves the products
of a male-dominated society, who led the way in documenting the central
leadership role played by females in our closest animal relatives.
There is no doubt, then, that Japanese biologists and
anthropologists played a significant, if not crucial, role in the
development of primatology as a scientific discipline. Publication of the
present volume, Primate Origins of Human Cognition and Behavior, reaffirms
the pervasive and creative role played by the intellectual descendants of
Imanishi and Itani in the modern disciplines of behavioral ecology,
psychology, and cognitive science.
We now know that genetic relatedness, through the maternal line,
the paternal line, or both, plays a fundamental role in organizing behavior
within primate groups. Because kinship affects social behavior throughout
an individual's lifetime, and because monkeys and apes may live up to 40
years in the wild, research on nonhuman primates requires continuous,
long-term observations, and these, in turn, require uninterrupted financial
support, dedicated investigators, and a stable, cooperative local
government. Perhaps because of the logistical difficulties involved,
scientific research on monkeys and apes now relies for its data on only a
handful of viable, long-term study sites throughout Asia, Africa, and
Central and South America. Many of the most important and productive sites
are represented in this volume. The most venerable and well-known, of
course, is Koshima Island in Japan, home to the famous Imo (a Galileo among
monkeys), and for years the longest-running primate field research site in
the world. Also represented in this volume, however, are two of the five
major research sites where chimpanzees are studied. All in all, the book
contains data from field and laboratory studies of over 90 primate species.
Perhaps more important is the intellectual breadth represented in
this volume, and for this we have its editor, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, to thank.
Matsuzawa and his students attack the study of primate cognition and its
evolutionary origins from a number of different directions. In their
fieldwork, they begin with detailed observations, moving quickly to
experiments whenever possible. If observations indicate that chimps use
leaves to soak up water, sticks to "dip" for ants, and hammer stones to
crack open nuts, Matsuzawa and colleagues conduct experiments by placing in
the chimps' path water to be soaked, dead caterpillars that attract ants,
and nuts to be cracked. In the laboratory, their work takes a more
comparative approach, beginning with observations on young children, Old
World monkeys, and chimpanzees. Once observations have identified an
intriguing problem to be solved or a significant species difference, they
devise experiments to probe the nature of each individual's knowledge.
Their star subject, the chimpanzee Ai, has already been the source of many
striking and important results in the study of primate cognition.
In most of its current guises, the modern discipline of cognitive
science can hardly be called comparative. Funding of major research
programs and articles in leading journals focus almost exclusively on
humans, and even more narrowly on one human ability: linguistic syntax. Too
often this has led to the view that language and cognition are
interdependent, and that you can't have one without the other. Primate
Origins of Human Cognition and Behavior begins with exactly the opposite
premise. It makes no claims for the existence of language in nonhuman
primates, but sets out instead to document the intelligence that nonhuman
primates do have, and to offer hypotheses about the adaptive value of this
cognition-without-language. The result is a major contribution to
comparative cognitive science, and to current views on the origin of mind
and behavior.
Robert M. Seyfarth
Department of Psychology
University of Pennsylvania
Dorothy L. Cheney
Department of Biology
University of Pennsylvania
WHERE TO ORDER:
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Price: $119, DM 229, 9,500 yen
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URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/review/matsuzawa.html
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