Jeffrey D. Fortman Terry A. Hewett B. Taylor Bennett CRC Press Copyright 2002 FROM THE BACK COVER: Drawing on over 50 years of combined experience, The Laboratory Nonhuman Primate provides a quick reference source for technicians, researchers, and caretakers working with nonhuman primates in biomedical research. It details basic information and frequently used procedures and covers the duties of animal husbandry. Other topics include facility management, regulatory compliance, and technical procedures involved in research. A useful and valuable reference, the text includes management practices and technical procedures on a variety of topics including restraint, intubation, tuberculin skin testing, blood, urine, and bone marrow collection, and disarming canine teeth. The Laboratory Nonhuman Primate presents procedures in a clear, easy-to-follow format so you can easily incorporate them into the standard operating procedures of a facility. FEATURES * Contains over 25 tables designed to provide staff working with New and Old World primates with a quick, easy-to-use reference on a variety of topics * Provides over 75 illustrations depicting aspects of nonhuman primate behavior, management practices, diseases, and technical procedures * Includes Internet sources of information as well as sources and suppliers of animals, feed, sanitation supplies, cages, and research and veterinary supplies CONTENTS: 1. Important Biological Features 1 Introduction 1 Taxonomy 2 New World Monkeys (NWM): General Characteristics 2 New World Monkeys (NWM): Commonly Used Species in Research 3 Old World Monkeys (OWM): General Characteristics 5 Old World Monkeys (OWM): Commonly Used Species in Research 6 Functional Morphology 9 Limbs and Vertebral Column 9 Muzzle, Nose, and Olfactory Senses 9 Visual and Auditory Senses 9 Digestive System 9 The Skull and Brain 10 Reproduction/Placentation/Growth and Development 10 Behavior 10 Solitary Existence 11 Multi-Male/Multi-Female Groups 11 Single-Male/Multi-Female Groups 12 Family Groups 12 Communication 12 Visual Signals 12 Tactile Signals 14 Body Language Signals 14 Anatomic/Physiological Features 15 Normative Values 16 Clinical Chemistry Parameters 17 Hematology 19 Blood Coagulation Values 21 Blood Gases 21 Blood Types 22 Tooth Eruption Times 23 Reproductive Biology 24 Sex Determination 24 Reproductive Cycle 26 Sex Skin 27 Breeding Systems 30 Pregnancy Diagnosis 30 Parturition 31 2. Husbandry 35 Introduction 35 Housing 35 General Considerations for Primate Housing Facilities 36 Room Design Features 38 Equipment Maintained in Room 39 Primate Enclosures 39 Materials 39 Cage Design Considerations and Features 41 Environmental Conditions 45 Environmental/Psychological Enrichment 46 Special Considerations 53 Nutrition 55 Dietary Requirements 55 Novel Foods and Foraging Treats 56 Potable Water 57 Sanitation 58 Transportation 58 Shipping Crates 59 Certificates of Health and Acclimation Status 61 Recordkeeping 62 Individual Animal Records 62 Group/Colony Records 62 Institutional Recordkeeping 63 Identification 63 Permanent Methods 63 Temporary Methods 64 3. Management 65 Introduction 65 Regulatory and Accrediting Agencies, and Compliance 65 The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 65 The National Institutes of Health (NIH), Public Health Service (PHS) 66 The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 67 The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 67 The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 68 Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC) 69 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) 69 Occupational Health and Safety 71 Training 72 Safe Work Practices 72 Personal Protective Equipment 73 Physical Injuries 73 B Virus Exposure 74 Allergic Reactions 75 Experimental Hazards 76 Zoonoses 76 B Virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) 76 Tuberculosis 79 Bacterial Agents of Gastrointestinal Origin 80 Protozoal Agents of Gastrointestinal Origin 80 4. Veterinary Care 83 Preventive Health Program 83 Sources 83 Quarantine 84 Conditioned Colony Health Surveillance 87 Separation of Species 92 Clinical Management 92 Basic Veterinary Supplies 92 Clinical Signs of Illness in Nonhuman Primates 94 Therapeutic Agents 94 Common Clinical Problems 97 Viral Diseases 97 Bacterial Diseases 99 Parasitic Diseases 102 Reproductive Conditions 104 Miscellaneous Conditions 105 Anesthesia and Analgesia 111 General Principles 111 Peri-Anesthetic Management 115 Anesthetic Agents 121 Analgesic Agents 125 Principles of Inhalation Anesthesia 127 Endotracheal Intubation 128 Aseptic Surgery 131 Facilities / Features / Equipment 132 Personnel 133 Pre-Operative Preparation 134 Operating Room Procedures 136 Post-Operative Care 137 Euthanasia 139 5. Experimental Methodology 141 Introduction 141 Restraint 141 Physical Restraint Methods 142 Chemical Restraint 158 Operant Conditioning and Training Methods 158 Sampling Techniques 160 Blood Collection 160 Urine Collection 164 Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy 170 Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection 174 Semen Collection 178 Amniotic Fluid Collection 178 Compound Administration 180 Parenteral Administration Methods 181 Oral Administration Methods 191 Miscellaneous Procedures 197 Disarming Canine Teeth 197 Bimanual Rectal Palpation 200 Necropsy 200 6. Resources 207 Organizations 207 Publications 210 Books 211 Periodicals 213 Electronic Resources 213 Primate Sources 215 Possible Commercial Sources of Nonhuman Primates 216 Contact Information for Nonhuman Primate Sources 216 Nonhuman Primate Transportation Resources 217 Nonhuman Primate Transportation Services 217 Laboratory Services 218 Feed 219 Equipment 220 Sanitation 220 Cages, and Research and Veterinary Supplies 220 Possible Sources of Cages, and Research and Veterinary Supplies 220 Contact Information for Cages, and Research and Veterinary Supplies 221 Primate Research Centers 223 NCRR-Supported Regional Primate Research Centers 223 Other Primate Research Centers 225 Equivalents and Conversions 227 References 229 Selected Readings 250 Index 251 PREFACE: The use of laboratory animals, including nonhuman primates, continues to be an important part of biomedical research. With many species of laboratory animals, the person responsible for animal facility management, animal husbandry, and regulatory compliance is also responsible for the performance of technical procedures directly related to the research project. Due to the special requirements for housing and management of nonhuman primates, it would be unusual for one individual to have all of these responsibilities; but even in institutions where these responsibilities are shared, there is a need for a quick reference source for investigators, technicians, and animal caretakers who provide care for nonhuman primates used for research, teaching, and testing. This handbook is intended to be such a reference source and should be particularly valuable for those individuals who may not have extensive training and experience with these unique animal species. The handbook is organized into six chapters: "Important Biological Features" (Chapter 1), "Husbandry" (Chapter 2), "Management" (Chapter 3), "Veterinary Care" (Chapter 4), "Experimental Methodology" (Chapter 5), and "Resources" (Chapter 6). Because much of the information in the literature on nonhuman primates originates from a small number of institutions that care for large numbers of nonhuman primates on a routine basis, the number of articles in a given area or on a specific subject is often very limited, making it difficult to do a comparative review of the literature. This fact makes it difficult for authors of a text such as this to provide a critical review of the literature in putting together the necessary information to which the reader needs access. Thus, the information contained in this book is a combination of the authors' knowledge of the literature, the practices of their colleagues at other institutions, and their own combined experience of more than 50 years caring for nonhuman primates. The final chapter, "Resources," provides the user with lists of possible sources and suppliers of additional information, animals, feed, sanitation equipment, cages, and veterinary and research supplies. The lists are not exhaustive and do not imply endorsement of listed suppliers over unlisted suppliers. These lists are meant to be a starting point for the readers to develop their own lists of preferred suppliers. The literature resources in this book are listed in two categories: References when the information contained in the text can be traced to a specific peer-reviewed publication; and Selected Readings when the information is considered to be of general knowledge to those who have experience working with nonhuman primates. Readers who find themselves in the position of providing care for nonhuman primates and without the necessary formal training or experience or ready access to individuals with that experience are encouraged to seek out such individuals and rely heavily upon them for advice and direction. THE AUTHORS: Jeffrey D. Fortman, D.V.M., received his doctorate degree in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign in 1985, and completed a postdoctoral training program in laboratory animal medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1991. He is a Diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. He works at the University of Illinois at Chicago as the Associate Director of the Biologic Resources Laboratory and has 13 years of experience in the clinical veterinary care and management of nonhuman primates, and supporting research utilizing Old and New World species. Terry A. Hewett, D.V.M., received her doctorate degree in Veterinary Medicine from Colorado State University in 1986, and completed a residency in laboratory animal medicine at the University of California, Davis in 1991. She is a Diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. She works at the University of Illinois at Chicago as a clinical veterinarian and has 12 years of experience in the clinical veterinary care of nonhuman primates and supporting research utilizing Old and New World species. B. Taylor Bennett, D.V.M., Ph.D., received his doctorate degree in Veterinary Medicine from Auburn University and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois Medical School. Dr. Bennett is a Diplomate of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. He is currently the Associate Vice Chancellor for Research Resources and the Director of the Biologic Resources Laboratory of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Bennett has served as the President of the Association of Primate Veterinarians, the President of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, and a member of the Board of Directors of the National Association for Biomedical Research, the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, and the Association of Laboratory Animal Practitioners. Dr. Bennett's professional interests are centered upon improving the quality of care provided to laboratory animals. As part of this interest he has been heavily involved in many educational programs and projects at all levels of animal care and use. In this capacity, he has developed a training course for animal technicians seeking AALAS certification from which the AALAS Instructional Guide for Technician Training was developed. He served on the editorial review board for The Biomedical Investigator's Handbook for Researchers Using Animal Models, which is published by the Foundation for Biomedical Research. He has served as the senior author of the Essentials for Animal Research: A Primer for Research Personnel, which was published by the National Agricultural Library, and he was the senior editor for the two-volume ACLAM text, Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research. He has given more than 100 presentations and published more than 50 papers. WHERE TO ORDER: CRC Press LLC Attn: Order Entry 2000 NW Corporate Blvd Boca Raton, FL 33431-9868 USA Web site: http://www.crcpress.com E-mail: orders@crcpress.com Phone: 1(800) 272-7737 Fax: 1 (800) 374-3401 Price: $49.94 ISBN: 0849325625
URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/review/laboratory.html
Page last modified:
November 14, 2001
Maintained by the WRPRC Library
Return to Review Copies Received
Return to PIN Home Page