Edited by Elizabeth S. Williams and Ian K. Barker Iowa State University Press 2001 FROM THE BACK COVER Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals, Third Edition, presents the latest information on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in both free-ranging and captive wild mammals. Editors Elizabeth Williams and Ian Barker have recruited 71 contributors, all noted experts in their fields, to update this new edition. This reference provides valuable information on each disease, including * Etiology * History * Distribution * Epidemiology * Clinical signs * Pathology * Immunity * Diagnosis * Treatment * Control This latest edition is a leading reference book for * Wildlife biologists, managers, and rehabilitators * Veterinarians and veterinary technicians * Biology students * Conservationists * Public health workers Elizabeth S. Williams, DVM, PhD, is a professor of veterinary sciences at the University of Wyoming. She has been specializing in the research of infectious diseases of wild animals since 1977. She also serves as a diagnostic pathologist. Ian K. Barker, DVM, PhD, is a professor of veterinary pathology in the Department of Pathobiology in the Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph. His research focuses on infectious diseases of wild animals, and he is an expert in alimentary tract diseases. CONTENTS Preface vii Part 1. Viral and Prion Diseases 3 1. Rabies Charles E. Rupprecht, Klaus Stohr, and Courtney Meredith 3 2. Morbilliviral Diseases Rinderpest Paul Rossiter 37 Peste des Petits Ruminants Paul Rossiter 45 Canine Distemper Elizabeth S. Williams 50 Feline Morbillivirus Infection Linda Munson 63 Measles Linda Munson 63 Morbillivirus Infections in Aquatic Mammals Seamus Kennedy 64 3. Bluetongue, Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease, and Other Orbivirus-Related Diseases Elizabeth W. Howerth, David E, Stalitnecht, and Peter D. Kirkland 77 4. Arbovirus Infections Thomas M Yuill and Charles Seymour 98 5. Picornavirus Infections Gavin R. Thomson, Roy G. Bengis, and Corrie C. Brown 119 6. Parvovirus Infections Ian K Barker and Colin R. Parrish 131 7. Herpesvirus Infections Herpesviruses of Nonhuman Primates Norval W. King 147 Malignant Catarrhal Fever Werner R Heuschele and Hugh W. Reid 157 Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease) David E. Staliinecht and Elizabeth Howerth 164 Elephant Herpesvirus Infections Laura K Richman and Richard J. Montali 170 Caprine Herpesvirus Monika Engels 173 Other Herpesviruses Anthony E. Castro 175 8. Poxvirus Infections Anthony J. Robinson and Peter J. Kerr 179 9. Adenoviral Diseases Leslie W. Woods 202 10. Retrovirus Infections Michael Worley 213 11. PapillomavirusInfections John P. Sundberg, Marc Van Ranst, and A. Bennett Jenson 223 12. Pestivirus Infections Hana Van Campen, Kai Frolich, and Martin Hofmann 232 13. Coronaviral Infections James F: Evermann and David A. Benfield 245 14. Rodent-borne Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses James N. Mills and James E. Childs 254 15. Orthomyxovirus and Paramyxovirus Infections Hana Van Campen and Greg Early 271 16. CalicivirusInfections Cor Lenghaus, Michael J. Studdert, and Dolores Gavier-Widen 280 17. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Elizabeth S. Williams, James K Kirkwood, and Michael W. Miller 292 Part 2. Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases 303 18. Tularemia Torsten Morner and Edward Addison 303 19. Plague and Yersiniosis Peter W. Gasper and Rowena P. Watson 313 20. Pasteurellosis Michael W. Miller 330 21. Mycobacterial Diseases Mycobacterium bovis Infections Richard S. Clifton-Hadley, Carola M Sauter-Louis, Ian W. Lugton, Ronald Jackson, Peter A. Durr, and John W. Wilesmith 340 Paratuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Elizabeth S. Williams 361 22. Brucellosis E. Tom Thorne 372 23. Anthrax C. Cormack Gates, Brett Elkin, and Dan Dragon 24. Diseases due to Mycoplasmas Kevin Whithear 413 25. Chlamydiosis of Koalas Richard Whittington 423 26. Lyme Borreliosis Richard N. Brown and Elizabeth C. Burgess 435 27. Order Rickettsiales Anaplasmosis William R. Davidson and Will L Goff 455 Ehrlichioses William R Davidson, Jacqueline E. Dawson, and Sidney A. Ewing 466 Heartwater Nancy D. Kock 477 Salmon Poisoning Disease William J. Foreyt 480 28. Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium Infections Gary Wobeser 487 Campylobacter Infection Torsten Morner 488 Dermatophilosis Frederick A. Leighton 489 Erysipelothrix Infection Frederick A. Leighton 491 Fusobacterium necrophorum Infection Frederick A. Leighton 493 Helicobacter Infection Torsten Morner 496 Leptospirosis Frederick A. Leighton and Thijs Kuiken 498 Listeriosis Torsten Morner 502 Salmonellosis Torsten Morner 505 Shigellosis Torsten Morner 507 Staphylococcus Infection Gary Wobeser 509 Tyzzer's Disease Gary Wobeser 510 Mycotic Diseases Kathy Burek 514 Contributors 533 Index 537 EXCERPT FROM PREFACE Nearly 20 years have passed since the publication of the second edition of Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals, an important resource for, and inspiration to, a generation of wildlife biologists and veterinarians. All those concerned with diseases of wildlife are greatly indebted to the late John Davis, and to Lars Karstad and Dan Trainer, for consolidating knowledge in this field and making it so readily accessible. Their work helped establish the widespread and growing recognition of the influence of disease on populations of wild mammals, consideration of disease in the fields of wildlife management and ecology, and greater appreciation of disease as a component in the relationship among wild mammals, humans, and domestic animals. To us has fallen the humbling task of regenerating and updating this work, in collaboration with an international field of chapter authors. Our goal has been to summarize knowledge in the field of wildlife diseases relevant to wild mammals, in a form that will be useful to students in wildlife biology or veterinary medicine; wildlife biologists and managers; veterinarians dealing with free-living and captive wildlife; and epidemiologists and public health professionals concerned with wildlife zoonoses. The format of the third edition follows that of its predecessors, with chapters arranged by taxon of infectious agent. They deal with agents established or suspected as pathogens in wild mammals, and/or transmissible between wild mammals and domestic animals or people. Many are capable of causing devastating diseases, such as tularemia, plague, or rabies, among wild mammals: almost all of these are capable of infecting domestic animals or people, as well. Other zoonotic agents, such as those causing the rodent-borne hemorrhagic fevers and Lyme borreliosis in people, have little or no impact on the wildlife that serve as the reservoir for human infection. Some well-recognized pathogens of domestic animals, such as canine distemper virus and parvoviruses, are emerging in significance or increasingly recognized in free-ranging wildlife. Diseases such as brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, rinderpest, and foot-and-mouth disease arguably are more strongly associated with domestic animals than with wildlife, but they pose some of the knottiest epidemiologic, management, and ethical problems where wild animals are affected. Some agents, such as the myxoma virus, rabbit calicivirus, and Salmonella, have been exploited as biologic agents of vertebrate pest control, with varying degrees of success and safety. Others, such as paxviruses and Leptospira, are functional or candidate recombinant vectors for the delivery of antigens to immunize wild mammals. The significance for wild mammals of agents such as Chlamydia and its relatives, and the retroviruses and mycoplasmas, seems relatively restricted, taxonomically and/or geographically, while others, such as the lyssaviruses, the poxviruses, Salmonella, and Leptospira, affect a wide array of wild mammals on most continents. Knowledge of diseases included in the last edition has greatly expanded, and a number of new agents that fall within the scope of this volume have emerged in the past two decades. Accordingly, we have added major treatments of problems such as rodent-borne hemorrhagic fevers, Lyme borreliosis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and calicivirus infections. Consideration of the implications for wildlife of agents such as the parvoviruses, canine distemper virus, and the rickettsiae has been expanded. And, of necessity, some topics found in the second edition have been truncated, consolidated, or eliminated. Within the limits of the space allotted, chapter authors provide an entree to the historical literature on an agent or disease, a summary of current knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis, immunity, and diagnosis, and discussions of implications of the agent or disease for captive or free-ranging wild mammals, domestic animals, and people. Relevant current information on the biology and epidemiology of pathogens gained by molecular techniques has been incorporated, but the rapid expansion of such knowledge, and the inevitable lag in bringing a work such as this to press, no doubt already will have dated chapters on some very active topics. Despite the expansion in size of this volume, space limitations forced elimination of most comprehensive reviews, lists of citations, and detailed treatment of clinical signs and comparative diagnosis. Of necessity, many chapters are surveys rather than full reviews of the topic, and readers will need to consult the second edition and other sources cited for fuller historical and current information. The number of illustrations and the number and scope of tables also were limited in deference to textual material. Nonetheless, between these covers is a vast amount of information, covering a wide array of infectious agents affecting virtually all orders of mammals. Reference lists lead to the wider literature, and the index will allow the reader to find and consolidate information affecting particular families or genera of mammals, which may be scattered among several chapters. Walker's Mammals of the World, fifth edition, by R.M. Nowak (Johns Hopkins Press, 1991), was used as the authority for mammalian nomenclature, except where another authority is cited by chapter authors. WHERE TO ORDER Iowa State Press 2121 State Avenue Ames, Iowa 50014 PHONE: 1-800-862-6657 FAX: 1-515-292-3348 Web Site: www.isupress.com PRICE: $99.99 ISBN: 0-8138-2556-3 Posted Date: 10-01-02
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