PHYLOGENY OF THE NEOGENE HOMINOID PRIMATES OF EURASIA Edited by Louis de Bonis George D. Koufos and Peter Andrews Cambridge University Press 2001 FROM THE BOOK JACKET: What is the place of Europe in the origin of humankind? Whilst our earliest human ancestors may have come out of Africa, many of our more recent relatives, and those of other primates, left their fossil remains in Europe and the Near East. Hominoid primates including Dryopithecus in Spain and Hungary, Oreopithecus in Italy, Ankarapithecus in Turkey and Ouranopithecus in Greece flourished in the Miocene, between about 12 and 8 million years ago. This volume examines these and other hominoid fossils found in Eurasia and discusses what we can learn from them using the biostratigraphic and ecological frameworks established in the first volume of this set. In addition, new methods of analysing and visualising fossil hominoids are explored, including computed tomography-based and computer assisted virtual reconstruction of fossils to allow three-dimensional images of external and internal morphology of even fragmentary or distorted fossils. This volume will therefore be invaluable for practicing palaeoanthropologists and palaeontologists whatever their specialism. Editors: Louis de Bonis is Professor of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology in the Laboratoire de Geobiologie, Biochronologie & Paleontologie Humaine at the University of Poitiers, France. He works on fossil primates and is involved in understanding the origins of hominids and problems of palaeoenvironments. He is also interested in the evolution of carnivores. George D. Koufos is Professor of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in the Department of Geology in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. He works on fossil primates, equids and carnivores, plus Neogene/Quaternary biochronology, biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments. Peter Andrews is a research scientist at the Natural History Museum in London, where he works on fossil primates, taphonomic and palaeoecological issues relating to the early stages of human evolution. CONTENTS List of contributors ix Acknowledgements: The European Science Foundation xii PART I. Chronology and Environment 1 1. Chronology and zoogeography of the Miocene hominoid record in Europe 2 J. Agusti, L. Cabrera and M. Garces 2. The trophic context of hominoid occurrence in the later Miocene of western Eurasia: a primate-free view 19 Mikael Fortelius and Arja Hokkanen PART II. Methods and Phylogeny 49 3. Computer-assisted morphometry of hominoid fossils: the role of morphometric maps 50 Christoph P. E. Zollikofer and Marcia S. Ponce de Leon 4. Comparative analysis of the iliac trabecular architecture in extant and fossil primates by means of digital image processing techniques: implications for the reconstruction of fossil locomotor behaviours 60 Roberto Macchiarelli, Lorenzo Rook and Luca Bondioli 5. Dental microwear and diet in Eurasian Miocene catarrhines 102 Tania King 6. How reliable are current estimates of fossil catarrhine phylogeny? An assessment using great apes and Old World monkeys 118 Mark Collard and Bernard Wood 7. Cranial discrete variation in the great apes: new prospects in palaeoprimatolory 151 Jose Braga PART III. Miocene hominoids: function and phylogeny 191 8. Eurasian hominoid evolution in the light of recent Dryopithecus findings 192 Meike Kohler, Salvador Moya-Sola and David M. Alba 9. Functional morphology of Ankarapithecus meteai 213 Peter Andrews and Berna Alpagut 10. African and Eurasian Miocene hominoids and the origins of the Hominidae 231 D. R. Begun 11. Phylogenetic relationships of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Mammalia, Primates, Hominoidea, Hominidae) of the late Miocene deposits of Central Macedonia (Greece) 254 Louis de Bonis and George D. Koufos 12. Phylogeny and sexually dimorphic characters: canine reduction in Ouranopithecus 269 Jay Kelley 13. Heterochrony and the cranial anatomy of Oreopithecus: some cladistic fallacies and the significance of developmental constraints in phylogenetic analysis 284 David M. Alba, Salvador Moya-Sola, Meike Kohler and Lorenzo Rook 14. The late Miocene hominoid from Georgia 316 Leo Gabunia, Ekaterine Gabashvili, Abesalom Vekua and David Lordkipanidze 15. Forelimb function, bone curvature and phylogeny of Sivapithecus 326 Brian G. Richmond and Michael Whalen 16. Sivapithecus and hominoid evolution: some brief comments 349 David R. Pilbeam and Nathan M. Young Index 365 WHERE TO ORDER: Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street New York, NY 10011-4211, USA Phone: 1-800-872-7423 Fax: 914-937-4712 Web site: http://www.cambridge.org Price: $95.00(Hardbound) ISBN: 0-521-66075-3
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