Edited by Benjamin B. Beck, Tara S. Stoinski, Michael Hutchins, Terry L. Maple, Bryan Norton, Andrew Rowan, Elizabeth F. Stevens, and Arnold Arluke Smithsonian Institution Press Copyright 2001 FROM THE COVER: The great apes-gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and orangutans-are known to be our closest living relatives. Chimpanzees in particular share 98 percent of our DNA, and scientists widely agree that they exhibit intellectual abilities long thought to be unique to humans, such as self-awareness and the ability to interpret the moods and identify the needs of others. The close relation of apes to humans raises important ethical questions. Are they better protected in the wild or in zoos? Should they be used in biomedical research? Should they be afforded the same legal protections as humans? Great Apes and Humans is the first book to present a spectrum of viewpoints on human responsibilities toward great apes. A variety of field biologists, academic scientists, zoo professionals, psychologists, sociologists, ethicists, and legal scholars consider apes in both the wild and captivity. They present sobering statistics on the declining numbers of wild apes, specifically discussing the decimation of great ape populations due to wild game consumption. They explore the role of apes in the educational missions of zoos as well as the need for sanctuaries for wild ape orphans and former research subjects. After examining the social division between apes and humans from historical, evolutionary, and cognitive perspectives, they conclude by reviewing the current moral and legal status of great apes as wel1 as how apes' cognitive skills inform these issues. Although this provocative book contains many different opinions, the uniting concern of the contributors is the safety and well-being of great apes. Only by continuing the dialogue so clearly presented here can we hope to ensure their future. Volume Editors * Benjamin B. Beck, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution * Tara S. Stoinski, Zoo Atlanta * Michael Hutchins, American Zoo and Aquarium Association * Terry L. Maple, Zoo Atlanta * Bryan Norton, Georgia Institute of Technology * Andrew Rowan, Humane Society of the United States * Elizabeth F. Stevens, Disney's Animal Kingdom * Arnold Arluke, Northeastern University CONTENTS Contributors vii Introduction and Acknowledgments ix Foreword Problems Faced by Wild and Captive Chimpanzees: Finding Solutions xiii Jane Goodall Section 1: Great Apes in the Wild 1. Africa's Great Apes 3 Thomas M. Butynski 2. The Orangutan and the Conservation Battle in Indonesia 57 Heman D. Rijksen 3. Bushmeat Hunting and the Great Apes 71 Karl Ammann 4. Bushmeat Trade in the Congo Basin 86 David S. Wilkie Section 2: Great Apes in Captivity 5. Captive Apes and Zoo Education 113 Tara S. Stoinski, Jacqueline J. Ogden, Kenneth Gold, and Terry L. Maple 6. Sanctuaries for Ape Refugees 133 Geza Teleki 7. The Retirement of Research Apes 150 Thomas L. Wolfle Section 3: History and Evolution 8. Negotiating the Ape-Human Boundary 163 Raymond Corbey 9. Phylogenies, Fossils, and Feelings 178 Russell H. Tuttle 10. Darwinian Reflections on Our Fellow Apes 191 Roger Fouts Section 4: Ethics, Morality, and Law 11. Conceptual Capacities of Chimpanzees 215 Sarah T. Boysen and Valerie Kuhlmeier 12. Moral Decisions about Wild Chimpanzees 230 Richard W. Wrangham 13. The Grand Apes 245 Duane M. Rumbaugh, E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, and Michael J. Beran 14. Cognitive Relatives and Moral Relations 261 Colin Allen 15. A Great Shout: Legal Rights for Great Apes 274 Steven M. Wise 16. Inclusivist Ethics 295 Paul Waldau 17. The Moral Status of Great Apes 313 Mary Anne Warren 18. Rights or Welfare: A Response to the Great Ape Project 329 Michael Hutchins, Brandie Smith, Randy Fulk, Lori Perkins, Gay Reinartz, and Dan Wharton 19. Perspectives on the Ethical Status of Great Apes 367 Arnold Arluke Index 379 WHERE TO ORDER: Smithsonian Institution Press P.O. Box 960 Herndon, VA 20172-0960 USA To order call: 1-800-782-4612 E-mail: inquiries@sipress.si.edu PRICE: $34.95 Hardcover: ISBN 1-56098-969-6 Zoo and Aquarium Biology and Conservation Series
URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/review/greatapes.html
Page last modified:
November 8, 2001
Maintained by the WRPRC Library
Return to Review Copies Received
Return to PIN Home Page