Edited by Lynne E. Miller MiraCosta College, Oceanside, California Cambridge University Press 2002 FROM THE BACK COVER Predator sensitive foraging represents the strategies that animals employ to balance the need to eat against the need to avoid being eaten. Ecologists working with a wide range of taxa have developed sophisticated theoretical models of these strategies, and have produced elegant data to test them. However, only recently have primatologists begun to turn their attention to this area of research. This volume brings together primary data from a variety of primate species living in both natural habitats and experimental settings, and explores the variables that may play a role in primates' behavioral strategies. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that predator sensitive foraging is relevant to many primates, of various body sizes and group sizes and living in different environments. Eat or be Eaten encourages further discussion and investigation of the subject. It will make fascinating reading for researchers and students in primatology, ecology and animal behavior. Lynne E. Miller is head of the program in anthropology at MiraCosta College in Oceanside, California. For over ten years, she has studied the behavior and ecology of a population of wedge-capped capuchin monkeys in Venezuela. She also chairs the Education Committee of the American Society of Primatologists and is an active member of the International Primatological Society. CONTENTS List of contributors vii Preface x 1. An introduction to predator sensitive foraging 1 Lynne E. Miller Part I: Biological Variables 2. Dangers in the dark: Are some nocturnal primates afraid of the dark? 21 Simon K. Bearder, K.A.I. Nekaris and Courtney A. Buzzell 3. Predation sensitive foraging in captive tamarins 41 Mark J. Prescott and Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith 4. Seeing red: Consequence of individual differences in color vision in callitrichid primates 58 Nancy G. Caine 5. Predator sensitive foraging in Thomas langurs 74 Elisabeth H.M. Sterck Part II: Social Variables 6. The role of group size in predator sensitive foraging decisions for wedge-capped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceus) 95 Lynne E. Miller 7. Group size effects on predation sensitive foraging in wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) 107 Michelle L. Sauther 8. Species differences in feeding in Milne Edward's sifakas (Propithecus diadema edwardsi), rufus femurs (Eulemur fulvus rufus), and red-bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubiventer) in southern Madagascar: Implications for predator avoidance 126 Deborah J. Overdorff, Suzanne G. Strait And Ryan G. Seltzer 9. Evidence of predator sensitive foraging and traveling in single- and mixed-species tamarin troops 138 Paul A. Garber and Julio Cesar Bicca-Marques 10. Predator (in)sensitive foraging in sympatric female vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops) and pates monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): A test of ecological models of group dispersion 154 Lynne A. Isbell and Karen L. Enstam 11. Predation risk and antipredator adaptations in whitefaced sakis, Pithecia pithecia 169 Terrence M. Gleason and Marilyn A. Norconk Part III: Environmental Variables 12. Foraging female baboons exhibit similar patterns of antipredator vigilance across two populations 187 Russell A. Hill and Guy Cowlishaw 13. Foraging and safety in adult female blue monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya 205 Marina Cords 14. Predicting predation risk for foraging, arboreal monkeys 222 Adrian Treves 15. Predator sensitive foraging in ateline primates 242 Anthony Di Fiore 16. Antipredatory behavior in gibbons (Hylobates lar, Khao Yai/Thailand) 268 Nicola L. Uhde and Volker Sommer Index 293 CONTRIBUTORS Simon K. Bearder Department of Anthropology Nocturnal Primate Research Group School of Social Sciences and Law Oxford Brookes University Oxford OX3 OBP United Kingdom skbearder@brookes.ac.uk Julio Cesar Bicca-Marques PUCRS/Faculdade de Biociencias Av. Ipiranga, 6681 Predio 12A Caixa Postal 1429 Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900 Brazil Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith Scottish Primate Research Group Department of Psychology University of Stirling Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland' United Kingdom Courtney A. Buzzell Department of Anthropology Kent State University Kent, OH 44242 USA Nancy G. Caine Department of Psychology California State University, San Marcos San Marcos, CA 92096 USA ncaine@csusm.edu Marina Cords Anthropology Department Columbia University New York, NY 10027 USA mc51@columbia.edu Guy Cowlishaw Zoological Society London Institute of Zoology Regents Park London, NW1 4RY United Kingdom guy.cowlishaw@ioz.ac.uk Anthony di Fiore New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Department of Anthropology New York University Rufus Smith Hall, Rm 801 25 Waverly Place New York, NY 10003 USA anthony.difiore@nyu.edu Karin L. Enstam Department of Anthropology University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 USA Paul A. Garber Department of Anthropology University of Illinois 109 Davenport Hall 607 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, LL 61801 USA p-garber@uiuc.edu Terrence M. Gleason Department of Anthropology Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130 USA Russell A. Hill Department of Anthropology University of Durham 43 Old Elvet Durham, DH1 3HN United Kingdom R.A.Hill@durham.ac.uk Lynne A. Isbell Department of Anthropology University of California, Davis Davis, CA 95616 USA laisbell@ucdavis.edu Lynne E. Miller Department of Anthropology MiraCosta College One Bernard Drive Oceanside, CA 92056 USA Imiller@yar.miracosta.cc.ca.us K.A.I. Nekaris Department of Anthropology Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130 USA Marilyn A. Norconk Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences Kent State University Kent, OH 44242 USA mnorconk@kent.edu Deborah J. Overdorff Department of Anthropology University of Texas - Austin Austin, TX 78712 USA overdorff@mail.utexas.edu Mark J. Prescott RSPCA Wilberforce Way Southwater, Horsham West Sussex, RH13 7WN United Kingdom Michelle L. Sauther Department of Anthropology University of Colorado, Boulder Boulder, CO 80309 USA sauther@stripe.colorado.edu Ryan G. Seltzer Department of Anthropology Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118 USA Volker Sommer Department of Anthropology University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom V.Sommer@ucl.ac.uk Elisabeth H.M. Sterck Ethology and Socioecology Utrecht University Padualaan 14 RO. Box 80086 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands e.h.m.sterck@bio.uu.nl Suzanne G. Strait Department of Biological Sciences Marshall University Hunungton, WV 25755 USA Adrian Treves Department of Zoology University of Wisconsin, Madison 250 North Mills St. Madison, W1 53706 USA atreves@facstaff.wisc.edu Nicola L. Uhde Department of Anthropology University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom WHERE TO ORDER Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street New York, NY 10011-4211, USA Phone: 1-800-872-7423 Fax: 914-937-4712 Web site: http://www.cambridge.org Price: $110.00(Hardbound) ISBN: 0-521-80451-5 $ 40.00 (Paperback) ISBN: 0-521-01104-3 Book received: 6-24-02 Posted date: 9-12-02
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