Daris R. Swindler Professor Emeritus Department of Anthropology University of Washington, USA Illustrated by Robert M. George Department of Biology Florida International University, USA Cambridge University Press 2002 FROM THE BACK COVER Primate dentitions vary widely both between genera and between species within a genus. This book is a comparative dental anatomy of the teeth of living non-human primates that brings together information from many disciplines to present the most useful and comprehensive database possible in one consolidated text. The core of the book consists of comparative morphological and metrical descriptions with analyses, reference tables and illustrations of the permanent dentitions of 85 living primate species to establish a baseline for future investigations. The book also includes information on dental microstructure and its importance in understanding taxonomic relationships between species, data on deciduous dentitions, prenatal dental development and ontogenetic processes, and material to aid age estimation and life history studies. Primate Dentition will be an important reference work for researchers in primatology, dental and physical anthropology, comparative anatomy and dentistry as well as vertebrate paleontology and veterinary science. Daris R. Swindler is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the University of Washington, Seattle. His main research interests are in primate anatomy and dental studies of early primate dental development, comparative dental morphology and odontometrics of living and fossil primates, and Pacific dental anthropology. He has written or edited seven previous books including An Atlas of Primate Gross Anatomy: Baboon, Chimpanzee, and Man (1973) with C.D.Wood, The Dentition of Living Primates (1976), Systematics, Evolution and Anatomy: Comparative Primate Biology Vol.1 (1986) with J. Erwin, Paleontologia Umana, Evolazione, Addamento, Cu/tura (1996) with A. Drusini, and Introduction to the Primates (1998). CONTENTS Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1. Introduction 1 Order Primates 1 Dental cast collection 1 Odontometry 4 Dental terminology 6 2. Dental anatomy 12 Anatomy 12 Enamel 14 Dentine 18 Cementum 19 Tooth roots 20 Dental pulp 20 3. Dental development 21 Heterodont dentitions 21 Genetics 22 Odontogenesis 23 Ontogeny of crown patterns 26 Age estimation 31 Sequence of initial stages of permanent tooth formation 35 4. The deciduous dentition 37 New World monkeys 37 Family Atelidae 37 Subfamily Atelinae 37 Old World monkeys 43 Family Cercopithecidae 43 Subfamily Cercopithecinae 43 Subfamily Colobinae 51 Great Apes 54 Family Pongidae 54 5. Prosimii 60 Superfamily Lemuroidea 60 Family Lemuridae 65 Family Lepilemuridae 70 Family Cheirogaleidae 73 Family Indriidae 77 Family Daubentoniidae 81 Superfamily Lorisoidea 84 Family Galagidae 84 Family Lorisidae 88 Superfamily Tarsioidea 92 Family Tarsidae 92 6. Ceboidea 96 Family Cebidae 96 Subfamily Callitrichinae 96 Subfamily Cebinae 103 Subfamily Aotinae 107 Family Atelidae 109 Subfamily Callicebinae 110 Subfamily Pitheciinae 112 Subfamily Atelinae 116 7. Cercopithecidae 123 Subfamily Cercopithecinae 126 Subfamily Colobinae 140 8. Hylobatidae 147 9. Pongidae 153 Appendix 1. Odontometry 165 Permanent teeth 166 Deciduous teeth 263 Appendix 2. Dental eruption sequences 270 Glossary 274 References 277 Taxonomic index 295 PREFACE Since 1976, when I published the Dentition of Nonhuman Primates, much has happened in the field of dental anthropology, creating a tremendous array of new information available to student and field researcher alike. This volume combines basic material available to me then with knowledge gleaned from more recent research in an attempt to gather the most useful and comprehensive data in one consolidated text. The organization of the book is taxonomic, beginning with the prosimians and ending with the great apes. There is no temporal aspect to the data presented. It is solely heuristic, not evolutionary, nor does the taxonomic organization of the book intend to suggest in any way that the dentition of one group gave rise to that of another group. Chapter 1 introduces the primates studied, organized in the Linnean system, i.e. a hierarchy of levels that group organisms into larger and larger units (see Table 1.1). This chapter continues with a discussion of dental anatomy and terminology as well as a section reporting recent information in the field of dental genetics. Several of the taxa presented have genera and species names, or even hierarchical positions, different from those that they did several years ago. I have attempted to follow the latest information regarding their rank and scientific names. However, primate classifications continue to change, particularly at the family and genus levels; for example, Cercocebus albigena, the gray-checked mangabey, is now considered to be Lophocebus albigena (Disotell, 1994, 1996). This chapter also details the extensive dental cast collection used for much of the study and illustrations. In addition, the origin and usefulness of mammalian dental terminology is discussed here. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 present material not addressed in my earlier book. Chapter 2 contains recent information on the microstructure (histology) of non-human primate teeth and the importance of this information for better understanding taxonomic relationships among the taxa. Chapter 3 presents data on the prenatal development of non-human primate teeth in several taxa, from initial calcification to crown completion, and considers some of the ontogenetic processes that play such important roles in the growth and development of teeth as well as material for age estimations and life history investigations. Chapter 4 offers morphologic and metric descriptions of the deciduous teeth of several taxa with comparative discussions. Morphological data were collected and measurements were made of the dental casts of each species. This material forms the core of the remaining chapters, which, in turn, offer expanded analyses and tables and hand-drawn illustrations of upper and lower dentitions of the various genera and species. One illustrator was employed, using actual specimens and the dental casts, so as to provide consistency of detail and style useful for comparative studies. In Chapters 7 and 9, illustrations and tables show the crown variables that occur on the lingual surface of the upper incisors as well as extra cusps on the premolars and molars, and these will enhance the reader's ability to see and appreciate the magnitude of dental variability among living non-human primates. Odontometrics of both the deciduous and permanent teeth are presented in the odontometric appendix (Appendix 1). There is also a tooth eruption appendix (Appendix 2) to facilitate finding the eruption sequences of many non-human taxa. There is also a large amount of useful statistical data throughout this book on the incidence of various dental traits. Many people have assiduously proofread the data several times, but mistakes are inevitable where so many morphological details and statistical tables must be read and reread. I take full responsibility for any mistakes and hopefully, no major error has found its way into the final publication. Daris R. Swindler Seattle, Washington April, 2001 WHERE TO ORDER: Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street New York, NY 10011-4211, USA Phone: 1-800-872-7423 Fax: 914-937-4712 Web site: http://www.cambridge.org Price: $80.00(Hardbound) ISBN: 0-521-65289-8
URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/review/dentition.html
Page last modified:
April 24, 2002
Maintained by the WRPRC Library
Return to Review Copies Received
Return to PIN Home Page