PRIMATE CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
Guy Cowlishaw & Robin Dunbar
The University of Chicago Press
Chicago and London
2000
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments xi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 DIVERSITY 8
2.1. The Primate Order 8
2.2. Patterns of Diversity 15
2.3. Origins of Diversity 22
2.4. Summary 27
3 BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY 28
3.1. Life History 28
3.2. Ecology 33
3.3. Behavior 42
3.4. Summary 54
4 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY 56
4.1. Community Species Richness 56
4.2. Community Structure 67
4.3. Competition in Communities 75
4.4. Primates in Plant Communities 84
4.5. Summary 91
5 DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND RARITY 93
5.1 Geographic Distribution 95
5.2. Population Abundance 105
5.3. Distribution-Abundance Relationships 114
5.4. Summary 117
6 POPULATION BIOLOGY 119
6.1. Demographic Variables 119
6.2. Population Dynamics 126
6.3. Metapopulation Dynamics 140
6.4. Population Genetics 143
6.5. Summary 156
7 EXTINCTION PROCESSES 158
7.1. Extinction Rates 158
7.2. Causes of Extinction 161
7.3. Species Differences in Extinction Risk 174
7.4. Case Studies in Primate Extinctions 181
7.5. Summary 189
8 HABITAT DISTURBANCE 191
8.1. Patterns of Habitat Disturbance 191
8.2. Effects of Habitat Loss 204
8.3. Effects of Habitat Fragmentation 208
8.4. Effects of Habitat Modification 215
8.5. Species Vulnerability Patterns 229
8.6. Summary 240
9 HUNTING 242
9.1. Optimal Foraging Theory 244
9.2. Hunting Patterns 247
9.3. Trade in Primates 257
9.4. Effects of Hunting 266
9.5. Species Vulnerability Patterns 2S0
9.6. Hunting with Habitat Disturbance 2S2
9.7. Summary 287
10 CONSERVATION STRATEGIES 289
10.1. Strategy Design Principles 289
10.2. Setting Taxon Priorities 291
10.3. Setting Area Priorities 313
10.4. Practical Considerations 321
10.5. Summary 328
11 CONSERVATION TACTICS 330
11.1. Protected Area Systems 331
11.2. Sustainable Utilization 343
11.3. Captive Breeding 359
11.4. Restocking and Reintroduction 365
11.5. Summary 377
12 CONCLUSIONS 380
12.1. The Past and Future of Primate Diversity 382
12.2. Diagnosing Populations in Trouble 388
12.3. Effective Conservation Action 393
12.4. Finding Unique Solutions 399
Appendix 1. Primate Species and Conservation Status 404
Appendix 2. Leslie Matrices 415
Appendix 3. Primate and Conservation Organizations 417
References 421
Index 479
FROM THE COVER:
>From the snub-nosed monkeys of China to the mountain gorillas of central
Africa, our closest nonhuman relatives are in critical danger
worldwide---nearly half of all the world's primates are threatened with
extinction. In this book Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar integrate
cutting-edge theoretical advances with practical management priorities to
give scientists and policymakers the tools they need to help keep these
species from disappearing forever.
Primate Conservation Biology begins with detailed overviews of the
diversity, life history, ecology, and behavior of primates and the ways
these factors influence primate abundance, distribution, and population
dynamics. Cowlishaw and Dunbar then discuss extinctions in fossil and
living primate populations, with a special emphasis on factors that
currently pose the greatest threat, namely habitat disturbance and hunting.
The remaining chapters present a comprehensive review of conservation
strategies and management practices, highlighting the key issues that must
be addressed to protect primates for the future. Appendixes list primate
species and their current conservation status as well as contact
information for the major primate and conservation organizations.
"A deep integration of biology into conservation. A book for all
biologists, all conservationists, not just primate conservation biologists."
-Alexander H. Harcourt, University of California, Davis
"Finally, a book that provides a complete overview of the theoretical
concepts and practical specifics crucial for people working to protect
primates from extinction."
-Noel Rowe, Director, Primate Conservation, Inc.
GUY COWLISHAW is research fellow at the Institute of Zoology, Zoological
Society of London. ROBIN DUNBAR is professor of biological sciences and
the University of Liverpool.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book has evolved over several years and would not have been possible
without the help and enthusiasm of a large number of people. We started the
book following an invitation from Barrie Goldsmith and Bob Carling. Carel
van Schaik and Liz Rogers gave us useful feedback on our initial proposal,
and four anonymous referees made extremely detailed and helpful comments on
the final manuscript. Jon Bridle, Mike Bruford, Emmanuel de Merode, Jan de
Ruiter, Karen Strier, and Rob Wallace also read and commented on individual
chapters or sections. Tom Butynski, Harriet Eeley, John Fa, Sandy Harcourt,
Andrew Grieser Johns, Mike Lawes, Georgina Mace, John Oates, and Paul
Williams supplied us with copies of unpublished manuscripts or reports.
John Caldwell provided CITES trade data with the permission of the CITES
Secretariat, and Dan Sellen furnished data from the World Ethnographic
Sample (compiled by Pat Gray). Nicola Koyama and Susy Paisley helped us
with the diagrams, and Jared Dunbar worked on the reference list. Andy
Purvis, Bob Sussman, and the publishers acknowledged in the text gave us
permission to use their figures. Rosalind Heywood drew the elegant chapter
heads.
During the writing of the book, GC has been based at the Institute of
Zoology (Zoological Society of London) and the Departments of Anthropology
and Biology (University College London), and has been hosted by Phoebe
Barnard and Rob Simmons in Namibia. The Economic and Social Research
Council funded him during part of this period. RD has been based at the
School of Biological Sciences at the University of Liverpool. Our editor,
Christie Henry, and her team at the University of Chicago Press have guided
us smoothly and efficiently through production. Finally, Jocelyn Hacker and
Patsy Dunbar have provided logistical and moral support.
To all these people and organizations we are very grateful.
Thank you again for all your help!
WHERE TO ORDER:
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS
Chicago Distribution Center
11030 South Langley
Chicago, IL 60628 USA
Telephone: 800-621-2736
Fax: 800-621-8471
email: custserv@press.uchicago.edu
web page: www.press.uchicago.edu
Price: $75 (Cloth ISBN: 0-226-11636-0)
$27(Paper ISBN: 0-226-11637-9)
URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/review/cowl.html
Page last modified:
June 28, 2001
Maintained by the WRPRC Library
Return to Review Copies Received
Return to PIN Home Page