PRIMATE ANATOMY: AN INTRODUCTION
2nd Edition
Friderun Ankel-Simons
Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy
Duke University
North Carolina
Academic Press
Harcourt Science and Technology Company
2000
CONTENTS
Forward xi
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface the First Edition xix
Chapter 1
Taxonomic List of Extant Primates
Text 1
Chapter 2
Taxonomy
Hierarchical Classification 15
Population Biology and Classification 16
Misunderstandings in Primate Classification 23
Chapter 3
Primatology
History and Objectives 27
Definition of Order Primates 36
Chapter 4
A Survey of Living Primates
Survey of Living Tupaiiformes 40
Survey of Living Prosimii 43
Survey of Living Anthropoidea 79
Chapter 5
Skull
Evolution of Bones of the Skull 140
Orbital Region 142
Nasal Region 145
Skull Base and Braincase 148
Ear Region 149
Temporomandibular Region 157
Maxillary and Frontal Region 158
Mandible 159
Skull Morphology 160
Chapter 6
Brain
Evolutionary Perspective 175
Brain Morphology 180
Chapter 7
Teeth
Overview 195
Dental Morphology 206
Dental Function 209
Primate Dentition 213
Chapter 8
Postcranial Skeleton
Vertebral Column and Thorax 250
Shoulder Girdle 276
Pelvic Girdle 284
Hands and Feet 300
Fifth Extremity 325
Muscles 326
Locomotion 327
Chapter 9
Sense Organs and Viscera
Nose and Olfaction 349
Oral Cavity, Tongue, and Taste 358
Auditory Region and Hearing 363
Eyes and Eyesight 370
Nutrition and the Intestinal Tract 380
Chapter 10
Placentation and Early Primate Development
Placental Development 389
Placentation in Primate Groups 395
Chapter 11
Reproductive Organs, Reproduction, and Growth
Sexual Organs 401
Reproduction 403
Growth 406
Chapter 12
Chromosomes and Blood Groups
Cytogenetics 413
Blood Groups 432
Chapter 13
Molecular Primatology
The Genetic Material of Cells 439
Indirect Methods to Study Molecular Primatology 440
Direct Study of Genetic Material 446
Problems of Phylogenetic Analysis Using Molecular
Data 453
Chapter 14
Conclusions and a Glance at the Future
Text 455
Bibliography 459
Index 481
FROM THE COVER NOTES
"Primates" comprise a variety of mammals from the relative
ancient lineages of lemurs on Madagascar and the tiny
tarsiers of Southeast Asia to the gorillas of montane Africa.
Of course, humans are also primates - one twig on the primate
evolutionary tree. PRIMATE ANATOMY: AN INTRODUCTION, SECOND
EDITION is a succinct and readable survey of primatology
focusing on the anatomy of primates. Following an
introduction, the chapters are organized by organ system.
Also included are chapters dealing with reproduction,
chromosomes, blood groups, and molecular studies of primate
evolution. This book is an ideal for an introductory course
in primatology and should appeal to both faculty and students
who need a brief treatment of the essentials of primatology.
FOREWORD--John Fleagle
It is a pleasure and an honor to be asked to write the
foreword to the second edition of Primate Anatomy: An
Introduction, by Friderun Ankel-Simons, a dear friend for
nearly thirty years.
Anyone attempting to survey the comparative anatomy of
primates has my highest respect for a task that can only be
described as daunting, if not impossible. Since introductory
books on the anatomy of the best known species, Homo sapiens,
fill hundreds of pages, the goal of covering all 250 or so
living species in a few hundred pages requires tremendous
research in an arcane literature written in many languages
and then draconian summarization. Any attempt at balance is
further undermined by the fact that the anatomies of many
species are virtually unknown and the coverage of others is
very uneven. We can only hope that many of these poorly known
species can be studied before they become extinct.
Yet these gaps in the primary literature only emphasize
the need for a general book on this subject. Students of both
living and fossil primates, indeed anyone interested in
understanding humans in our biological context, need a book
that summarizes what is known of primate anatomy in a readily
accessible form. The longtime classic Le Gros Clark's
Antecedents of Man (1963) has long been out of print and Dr.
Ankel-Simons' first edition is fifteen years old now.
Other attempts to cover this material, such as the
largely unavailable Primatologia, Handbook of Primatology,
are far too specialized for student readers, as are the many
edited books and papers on specific topics.
In writing this book, Dr. Ankel-Simons brings an
impressive set of credentials and diverse experiences.
Originally trained as a marine biologist, she has the
biologist's ability to see humans and other primates in the
context of the whole animal kingdom. However, she
subsequently received her primatological training at the
Anthropological Institute of Zurich, Switzerland, under the
tutelage of the great Adolph Schultz, who contributed more to
our knowledge of primate skeletal anatomy than anyone before
or since. She taught primatology for seven years at the
Institute of Anthropology in Zurich and in recent decades has
held positions at Yale University, Brown University, Duke
University, and the Duke Primate Center and has gained
considerable knowledge about both living and fossil primates
through research in Egypt and Madagascar.
Dr. Ankel-Simons has brought all of her experience to
bear in this new edition and has produced a worthy successor
to her first edition and a book that will be valued by
students and professionals for many years.
John G. Fleagle
Department of Anatomical Sciences
State University of New York at Stony Brook
WHERE TO ORDER:
Academic Press
6277 Sea Harbor Drive
Orlando, FL 32887 USA
1-800-321-5068 (Toll Free)
1-800-874-6418 (Fax)
E-mail: ap@acad.com
URL: http://academicpress.com
Price: $59.95
ISBN: 0-12-058670-3
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