Edited by Kenneth Hugdahl and Richard J. Davidson The MIT Press, 2003 The folk belief that the left brain hemisphere is dominant for language and the right for visuospatial functions is incomplete and even misleading. Research shows that asymmetries exist at all levels of the nervous system and apply to emotional as well as to higher cognitive processes. Going beyond their previous book, Brain Asymmetry, this book reflects the most recent thinking on functional asymmetries and their structural correlates in brain anatomy. It emphasizes research using new neuroimaging and neurostimulation techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). It also considers clinical applications of asymmetry research. The book contains seven sections: animal models and basic functions, neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies, visual laterally, auditory laterality, emotional laterally, neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Kenneth Hugdahl is Professor of Biological and Medical Psychology at the University of Bergen,Norway. Ridhard J. Davidson is the William James and Vilas Research Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin. They are coeditors of Brain Asymmetry (MIT Press, 1994). Davidson is also coeditor of Foundations in Social Neuroscience (MIT Press, 2001). TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ix I. ANIMAL MODELS / BASIC FUNCTIONS 1 1. Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Visual System of Birds 3 Onur Gunturkun 2. A Hippocampal Theory of Cerebral Lateralization 37 Akaysha C. Tang 3. Stress and Coping: Asymmetry of Dopamine Efferents within the Prefrontal Cortex 69 Craig W. Berridge, Rodrigo A. Espana, and Thomas A. Staluaker 4. The Nature and Determinants of Handedness 105 Alan A. Beaton II. NEUROIMAGING AND BRAIN STIMULATION STUDIES 159 5. Characterizing Functional Asymmetries with Brain Mapping 161 Karl J. Friston 6. Anatomical Brain Asymmetries and Their Relevance for Functional Asymmetries 187 Lutz Jancke and Helmuth Steinmetz 7. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies of Asymmetry of Cognitive Functions in the Brain 231 Alvaro Pascual-Leone and Vincent Walsh III. VISUAL LATERALITY 259 8. Interaction between the Hemispheres and Its Implications for the Processing Capacity of the Brain 261 Marie T. Banich 9. Asymmetries in Encoding Spatial Relations 303 Bruno Laeng, Christopher F. Chabris, and Stephen M. Kosslyn 10. Complexities of Interhemispheric Communication in Sensorimotor Tasks Revealed by High-Density Event-Related Potential Mapping 341 Clifford D. Saron, John J. Foxe, Charles E. Schroeder, and Herbert G. Vaughan, Jr. IV. AUDITORY LATERALITY 409 11. Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Processing of Tonal Stimuli 411 Robert J. Zatorre 12. Dichotic Listening in the Study of Auditory Laterality 441 Kenneth Hugdahl 13. Effects of Attention on Hemispheric Asymmetry 477 Daniel S. O'Leary V. EMOTIONAL LATERALITY 509 14. The Functional Neuroimaging of Human Emotion: Asymmetric Contributions of Cortical and Subcortical Circuitry 511 Diego Pizzagalli, Alexander J. Shackman, and Richard J. Davidson 15. Regional Brain Activity in Anxiety and Depression, Cognition/Emotion Interaction, and Emotion Regulation 533 Wendy Heller, Nancy S. Koven, and Gregory A. Miller 16. The State and Trait Nature of Frontal EEG Asymmetry in Emotion 565 James A. Coan and John J. B. Allen VI. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 617 17. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum 619 Maryse Lassonde and Hannelore C. Sauerwein 18. Developmental Disorders: Dyslexia 651 Mark A. Eckert and Christiana M. Leonard 19. Structural Correlates of Brain Asymmetry: Studies in Left-Handed and Dyslexic Individuals 681 Michel Habib and Fabrice Robichon VII. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 717 20. Frontal and Parietotemporal Asymmetries in Depressive Disorders: Behavioral, Electrophysiologic, and Neuroimaging Findings 719 Gerard E. Bruder 21. The Laterality of Schizophrenia 743 Michael F. Green, Mark J. Sergi, and Robert S. Kern Contributors 773 Author Index 777 Subject Index 793 PREFACE In April 1999, at the Cognitive Neuroscience Meeting in Washington, D.C., MIT Press representative Michael Rutter asked one of us (KH) if it was not about time to publish a second edition of Brain Asymmetry, which had been published by MIT Press in 1995. Had not the field progressed since 1995, so that it was now time for an update, or even a new book based on the most recent research in the field of brain asymmetry? On his way home to Bergen, Norway, Kenneth Hugdahl stopped over in Madison, Wisconsin, to meet with Richard Davidson, the other editor of the first book. Davidson agreed that indeed the field had progressed during the years since the first volume; thus a new volume could be an important update of the most recent findings in the field. That was the start of this volume, which is a completely new book on brain asymmetry, with 21 original chapters. In the preface to the 1995 volume we wrote, "We cannot identify any other construct that forms the focus of such a diverse array of behavioral processes. The study of brain asymmetry continues to attract unique forms of integration in the biobehavioral sciences." The mysteries of the two hemispheres of the brain, how they differ functionally and structurally, how they communicate, and how they participate in the cortical and subcortical circuitry underlying complex cognition and affect still fascinate and interest young and old neuroscientists. What we wrote in 1995 about the diverse array of behavioral processes being reflected in the asymmetry construct is no less relevant today than it was in 1995. To mention just one example, the development of new neuroimaging techniques-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencepaholograpy (MEG)-have revealed how neuronal activation is asymmetrically organized and distributed across the hemispheres, providing evidence for how the asymmetry construct becomes ever more refined and detailed. This topic was not included in the 1995 volume but has a part of its own in the present volume. Another topic that has been the focus of much recent research is the use of high-resolution structural MR imaging to reveal subtle morphological differences between the hemispheres. Thus, it has become possible to look for correspondences of structural and functional asymmetries between the hemispheres. Most of the interest has been in the upper posterior parts of the temporal lobe and adjacent areas in the parietal lobe. Both the planum temporale and the planum parietale, in the temporal and parietal lobes, respectively, have attracted much interest, relating structural-functional asymmetries in these areas to such diverse clinical syndromes as dyslexia and schizophrenia. This is covered in several chapters in the present volume. A goal of the present volume has been to show the international interest in brain asymmetry and related concepts. We hope this is reflected in the various contributions, with authors from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Norway. Folk psychology statements like "The left hemisphere is specialized, or dominant, for language, and the right hemisphere is specialized, or dominant, for visuospatial functions, or space orientation" obviously tell an incomplete, and sometimes inaccurate, story. First of all, such statements imply that the brain basically is specialized only for two functions, language and the ability to orient in the environment. Second, they imply that half the brain does only language and the other half does only visual processing. This also is obviously wrong. On the contrary, a prevailing aspect of research throughout the history of brain asymmetry is the notion that asymmetries exist at all levels of the nervous system, including also the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Another prevailing idea is that asymmetries exist not only for higher cognitive processes, like language and visuospatial processing, but also for emotional processes. A third aspect is that recent advances in methods have made it possible to quantify structural asymmetries with much greater precision and resolution than was available previously. This has resulted in new theories and models of how functional asymmetries may have their structural correlates in brain anatomy. A fourth aspect is the development of the new neuroimaging techniques, both hemodynamic techniques (e.g., PET and flMRI) and other techniques (ERP [event-related potential], MEG, and transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS]). A fifth aspect of recent asymmetry research is its application to clinical areas with regard to psychiatric, neurological, and developmental disorders. It is our intention to cover all these ideas and developments as a reflection of the current status of the field, from both a basic research and a clinical perspective. In selecting the contributors, it was our intention to focus on relatively recent and new topics as well as a few older topics where there have been new developments since 1995. Selecting the contributors therefore meant, as always, that not all prominent researchers in the field could be invited. This would have made the volume unwieldy. We have therefore chosen to present the field through a mixed selection of chapters ranging from basic physiological processes on the neuronal level to major clinical disorders like schizophrenia and depression. When inviting the selected authors, it was our intention to include promising and novel ideas in the field, with potential for possible breakthroughs in the near future. For these reasons the book is divided into seven major parts that include animal models of asymmetry and basic asymmetrical functions (e.g., handedness), neuroimaging studies, visual asymmetry, auditory asymmetry, emotional asymmetry, and applications for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Each part has two or more chapters that are intended to illustrate the range of methods and research topics within each area that is represented. WHERE TO ORDER: Massachusetts Institute of Technology The MIT Press 5 Cambridge Center Cambridge, MA 02142-1493 Contact: Patrick Dunn Phone: (617) 258-0676 Email: pdunn@mit.edu General Phone: (800) 405-1619 General Email: mitpress-orders@mit.edu Website: http://mitpress.mit.edu ISBN: 0-262-08309-4 Price: $90 (Cloth) Posted Date: 5/28/2003
URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/review/AsymmetricalBrain.html
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