By Anthony Rylands
a.rylands@conservation.org
Thirty-eight primates, species and subspecies, have been described in the last ten years: 10 from Madagascar, eight from Africa, seven from South-east Asia, 10 from the Brazilian Amazon (seven of them marmosets), and three from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Please note that this list is presented without any judgement as to the validity or otherwise of the various primates described.
Prosimians
1. Pseudopotto martini Schwartz, 1996 (False potto)
2. Tarsius dianae Niemitz, Nietsch, Warter & Rumpler 1991 (Dian's tarsier)
3. Galagoides rondoensis Honess 1996 (Rondo dwarf galago)*
4. Galagoides udzungwensis Honess 1996 (Matundu dwarf galago)*
5. Microcebus ravelobensis Zimmerman, Cepok, Rakotoarison, Zietemann &
Radespiel, 1998 (Lac Ravelobe or golden-brown mouse lemur)
6. Microcebus tavaratra Rasoloarison, Goodman & Ganzhorn, 2000 (Northern
rufous mouse lemur)
7. Microcebus sambiranensis Rasoloarison, Goodman & Ganzhorn, 2000
(Sambirano mouse lemur)
8. Microcebus berthae Rasoloarison, Goodman & Ganzhorn, 2000 (Berthe's
mouse lemur)
9. Cheirogaleus ravus Groves, 2000 (Large iron-grey dwarf lemur)
10. Cheirogaleus minusculus Groves, 2000 (Lesser iron-grey dwarf lemur)
11. Phaner furcifer pallescens Groves & Tattersall, 1991 (Western
fork-crowned lemur)
12. Phaner furcifer parienti Groves & Tattersall, 1991 (Sambirano
fork-crowned lemur)
13. Phaner furcifer electromontis Groves & Tattersall, 1991 (Amber mountain
fork-crowned lemur)
14. Avahi unicolor Thalmann & Geissmann, 2000 (Unicolor avahi)
* The first descriptions were in "Honess, P. E. 1996. Speciation Among Galagos (Primates: Galagidae) in Tanzanian Forests. Ph.D thesis, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK". While here attributed to Honess (1996), both forms were described and illustrated in Kingdon (1997). Not accepting the validity of a doctoral thesis as a formal published description, the authorship is also attributed to "Honess, 1997" by Groves (2001), referring to the descriptions in Kingdon (1997). Honess and Bearder (1996) also published the descriptions of these species, but issue 2(2), 1996, of African Primates was published after Kingdon (1997).
Old World monkeys
15. Miopithecus ogouensis Kingdon, 1997 (Northern talapoin)
16. Cercopithecus cephus ngottoensis Colyn, 1999 (Ngotto moustached monkey)
17. Cercopithecus erythrogaster pococki Grubb, Lernould & Oates, 1999
(Nigerian white-throated guenon)
18. Macaca pagensis siberu Fuentes & Olson, 1995 (Siberut macaque)
19. Colobus badius semlikiensis Colyn, 1991
20. Procolobus badius epieni Grubb & Powell, 1999 (Niger Delta red colobus)
21. Presbytis melalophos bicolor Aimi and Bakar, 1992 (Sumatran sureli)
22. Semnopithecus auratus ebenus Brandon-Jones, 1995 (Wulsin's ebony leaf
monkey)
23. Pygathrix nemaeus cinerea Nadler, 1997 (Grey-shanked douc langur)
24. Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis Wang, Jiang & Li, 1998 (Hubei golden
snub-nosed monkey)
25. Rhinopithecus roxellana qinlingensis Wang, Jiang & Li, 1998 (Qinling
golden snub-nosed monkey)
New World monkeys
26. Callithrix nigriceps Ferrari and Lopes, 1992 (Black-headed marmoset)
27. Callithrix mauesi Mittermeier, Ayres & Schwarz, 1992 (Maues marmoset)
28. Callithrix argentata marcai Alperin, 1993 (Marca's marmoset)
29. Callithrix saterei Souse e Silva Jr & Noronha, 1998 (Satere marmoset)
30. Callithrix humilis Van Roosmalen, Van Roosmalen, Mittermeier & Fonseca,
1998 (Black-crowned dwarf marmoset)
31. Callithrix manicorensis Van Roosmalen, Van Roosmalen, Mittermeier &
Rylands, 2000 (Manicore marmoset)
32. Callithrix acariensis (Van Roosmalen, Van Roosmalen, Mittermeier &
Rylands, 2000 (Rio Acari marmoset)
33. Leontopithecus caissara Lorini and Persson, 1990 (Black-faced lion
tamarin)
34. Callicebus personatus barbarabrownae Hershkovitz, 1990 (Blond titi)
35. Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth 1999 (Coimbra-Filho's titi
monkey)
36. Cebus kaapori Queiroz, 1992 (Ka'apor capuchin)
37. Callicebus bernardi, 2002 (Bernardi monkey)
38. Callicebus stephennashi, 2002
References
Aimi, M. and Bakar, A. 1992. Taxonomy and distribution of Presbytis
melalophos group in Sumatra, Indonesia. Primates 33: 191-206.
Alperin, R. 1993. Callithrix argentata (Linnaeus, 1771): considera‡oes
taxon“micas e descri‡ao de subesp‚cie nova. Bol. Mus. Para. Em¡lio Goeldi,
S‚r. Zool. 9(2): 317- 328.
Brandon-Jones, D. 1995. A revision of the Asian pied leaf monkeys
(Mammalia: Cercopithecidae; Superspecies Semnopithecus auratus), with a
description of a new subspecies. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43(1): 3-43.
Colyn, M. 1991. L' importance zoog‚ographique du bassin du fleuve Za‹re
pour la speciation: La cas des Primates Simiens. Koninklijk Museum voor
Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgi‰, Annalen. Zoologische Wetenschappen 264:
i-ix, 1-250.
Colyn, M. 1999. Etude populationnelle de la super-espŠce Cercopithecus
cephus habitant l'enclave forestiŠre Sangha-Oubangui (R‚publique
Centrafricaine). Description de C. cephus ngottoensis subsp.nov.) Mammalia
63(2): 137-147.
Ferrari, S. F. and Lopes, M.A. 1992. A new species of marmoset, genus
Callithrix Erxleben 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates) from western Brazilian
Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (12): 1-3.
Fuentes, A. and Olson, M. 1995. Preliminary observations and status of the
Pagai macaque. Asian Primates 4(4): 1-4. (See Groves, C. P. 1986. The
nomenclature of the Tanzanian mangabey and the Siberut macaque. Australian
Primatol. 10(4): 2-5.) (See also: Whitten, A. J. and Whitten, J. E. J.
1982. Preliminary observations of the Mentawai macaque on Siberut Island,
Indonesia. Int. J. Primatol. 3: 445-459)
Groves, C. P. 2000. The genus Cheirogaleus: Unrecognized biodiversity in
dwarf lemurs. Int. J. Primatol. 21(6): 943-962.
Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press,
Washington, DC.
Grubb, P. and Powell, C. B. 1999. Discovery of red colobus monkeys
(Procolobus badius) in the Niger Delta with the description of a new and
geographically isolated subspecies. J. Zool., Lond. 248: 67-73.
Grubb, P., Lernould, J.-M. and Oates, J. F. 1999. Validation of
Cercopithecus eythrogaster pococki as the name for the Nigerian
white-throated guenon. Mammalia 63(3): 389-392.
Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus
(Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana, Zoology,
New Series, (55): 1-109.
Honess, P. E. 1996. Speciation Among Galagos (Primates: Galagidae) in
Tanzanian Forests. Ph.D thesis, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
Honess, P. E. and Bearder, S. 1996. Descriptions of the dwarf galago
species of Tanzania. African Primates 2(2); 75-79.
Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic
Press, San Diego.
Kobayashi, S. and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkey,
Callicebus Thomas, from north-eastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revta.
Bras. Zool. 16(2): 531-551.
Mittermeier, R. A., Schwarz, M. and Ayres, J. M. 1992a. A new species of
marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates), from
the Rio Mau‚s region, state of Amazonas, Central Brazilian Amazonia.
Goeldiana Zoologia (14): 1-17.
Nadler, T. von. 1997. A new subspecies of douc langur, Pygathrix nemaeus
cinereus ssp. nov. Zool. Garten N. Z. 67(4): 165-176.
Niemitz, C., Nietsch, A., Warter, S. and Rumpler Y. 1991. Tarsius dianae: a
new primate species from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Folia Primatol.
56:105-116.
Queiroz, H. L. 1992. A new species of capuchin monkey, genus Cebus Erxleben
1977 (Cebidae, Primates), from eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana
Zoologia (15): 1-3.
Rasoloarison, R. M., Goodman, S. M. and Ganzhorn, J. U. 2000. Taxonomic
revision of mouse lemurs (Microcebus) in the western portions of
Madagascar. Int. J. Primatol. 21(6): 963-1019.
Schwartz, J., H. 1996. Pseudopotto martini: A new genus and species of
extant lorisiforme primate. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum
of Natural History 78: 1-14. (See also Groves, C. P. 1997-1998. Pseudopotto
martini: A new potto? African Primates 3(1-2): 42-43; Bearder, S.
1997-1998. Pseudopotto: When is a potto not a potto? African Primates
3(1-2): 43-44; Sarmiento, E. 1997-1998. The validity of "Pseudopotto
martini". African Primates 3(1-2): 44-45.)
Silva Jr., J. S. and Noronha, M. de A. 1998. On a new species of bare-eared
marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777, from central Amazonia, Brazil
(Primates: Callitrichidae). Goeldiana Zoologia (21): 1-28.
Thalmann, U. and Geissmann, T. 2000. Distributions and geographic variation
in the western woolly lemur (Avahi occidentalis) with description of a new
species (A. unicolor). Int. J. Primatol. 21(6): 915-941.
Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T., Mittermeier, R. A. and Fonseca,
G. A. B. da. 1998. A new and distinctive species of marmoset
(Callitrichidae, Primates) from the lower Rio Aripuana, state of Amazonas,
central Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (22): 1-27.
Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T., Mittermeier, R. A. and Rylands,
A. B. 2000. Two new Species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777
(Callitrichidae, Primates), from the Tapaj¢s/Madeira interfluvium, south
central Amazonia, Brazil. Neotrop. Primates 8(1): 1-18.
Wang Y., Jiang X. and Lid D. 1998. Classification and distribution of the
extant subspecies of golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus
[Rhinopithecus] roxellana). In: The Natural History of the Doucs and
Snub-nosed Monkeys, N. G. Jablonski (ed.), pp.53-64. Recent Advances in
Human Biology, Vol. 4. World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore. (See
also: Wang Y., Jiang X. and Lid D. 1994. Classification of existing
subspecies on golden snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellana (Colobinae,
Primates). In: Handbook and Absrtracts. XVth Congress of the International
Primatological Society, 3-8 August 1994, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, p.277.
Abstract)
Zimmerman, E., Cepok, S., Rakotoarison, N., Zietemann, V. and Radespiel, U.
1998. Sympatric mouse lemurs in north-west Madagascar: A new rufous mouse
lemur species. Folia Primatol. 69: 106-114.
Anthony B. Rylands
Deputy Chair - IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science
Conservation International
1919 M. Street NW
Suite 600
Washington, DC 20036
USA
Tel: (202) 912 1714
E-mail: a.rylands@conservation.org
URL: http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/newspecies.html
Page last modified:
June 25, 2002
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