Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2002, 15 (4), 595-607 . DOI: 10.1046/j.1010-061X.2002.00422.x

Sexually antagonistic selection on primate size

Supplementary material to Lindenfors P. Sexually antagonistic selection on primate size. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2002; 15 (4): 595–607.

Appendix


	Table A2

Species	Mating system	Male weight (kg)	Female weight (kg)	Group size	Female sexual maturity (months)	Female first birth (years)	Gestation length (days)	Number of offspring per litter	Interbirth interval (years)	Birth rate (offspring/ (year)	Maximum recorded lifespan (years)	Neonate weight (g)	Male neonate weight (g)	Female neonate weight (g)	Age at weaning (days)	Weight at weaning (kg)	Foetal growth rate	Postnatal growth rate
Lemur catta	MM	2.21	2.21	15.3	22.5	2.01	135	1.3	1.50	0.87	27.1	88.2	67.2	65	135		0.85
Hapalemur aureus		1.52	1.39	3		2.00			1						135
Hapalemur griseus	Mon	0.987	0.903	2.6		2.38	140	1.5			12	45.2			46		0.48
Hapalemur simus		2.15	1.3	8
Petterus coronatus	MM	1.69	1.62	8.4			125	1.5				70					0.84
Petterus mongoz	Mon	1.63	1.61	3.5		2.52	128	1.1			25.33	53	55.1	59.8	166		0.46
Petterus fulvus	MM	2	2.077	9.2	22.0	2.16	120	1.1	1.50	0.73	30.08	83.3	72.1	67.8	135		0.76
Petterus macaco	MM	2.37	2.51	8.4	24.0	2.18	120	1	1	1.00	27.08	88	62.7	50	135		0.73
Petterus rubriventer	Mon	1.98	1.94	3.2			123					78.4	67.8	89	135
Varecia variegata	Mon	3.47	3.51	5.3	20.0	1.95	102	2.5	1	2.50	13	87.2	93.7	78.4	90		2.14
Lepilemur mustelinus	UM			1	21.0	1.88	135	1				27			75		0.20
Daubentonia madagascarensis	UM	2.62	2.49	2	29.0	1.90	167	1	2.50	0.40	22.3	109	122	102	170		0.65
Avahi laniger	Mon	1.03	1.32	2.5			235	1	1	1.00					150
Propithecus verrauxi	MM	3.25	2.95	6	30.0	3.50	162	1	1.48	0.68	18.17	107	94.5	103.2	180		0.66
Propithecus diadema		5.94	6.26	5.1	48	4.00	179	1	2	0.50	20	145	155	135	180
Propithecus tattersalli	MM	3.39	3.59	4.1			176								165
Indri indri	Mon	5.83	6.84	3.1	66.0	8.00	160	1	2.50	0.40		300			365		1.88
Microcebus murinus	UM	0.059	0.063	1	9.5	1.00	62	1.9	1	1.90	15.42	7.1	7.2	4.6	40		0.22
Microcebus rufus	UM	0.043	0.042	1			61	2
Mirza coquereli	UM	0.304	0.326	1	11.5	1.93	89.2	1.5	1	1.50	15.25	17.5			86		0.29
Cheirogaleus major		0.438	0.362				70	2.5			8.8	18.1			46		0.65
Cheirogaleus medius	UM	0.283	0.282	5.5	12.0	1.19	62	2	1	2.00	9	19	11.8		61		0.61
Allocebus trichotis	UM	0.092	0.084	1
Phaner furcifer	Mon							1
Galago alleni	UM	0.277	0.269	1	8.0	0.09	133	1.3	1	1.30	12	24					0.23
Galagoides demidoff	UM	0.063	0.06	1	8.0	0.97	111	1.2	1	1.20	13	9.9	11.6		45		0.11
Galagoides zanzibaricus	UM	0.149	0.137	1		1.00	120	1.2	0.5	2.40		14.1	16.5				0.14
Galago granti
Galago moholi	UM	0.187	0.173	1		1.00	123	2	0.5	4.00	16.5	11.75	11.7	11.8	99		0.19
Galago senegalensis	UM	0.227	0.199	1	6.7	2.00	124.2	1.55	0.51	3.04	16.5	11.5	18.4	19.5	101		0.14
Otolemur crassicaudatus	UM	1.19	1.11	1	12.0	2.21	135	1.25	1	1.25	15	43.2			136		0.40
Otolemur garnettii	UM	0.794	0.734	1		1.25	131.7	1	1	1.00	17	52			140		0.39
Euoticus elegantulus	UM	0.287	0.261	1			135	1
Euoticus inustus		0.207	0.212	1
Loris tardigradus	UM	0.192	0.193	1	13.0	1.50	165	1.6	0.50	3.19	12	11			169		0.11
Arctocebus calabarensis	UM	0.312	0.306	1	9.5	1.10	134	1	0.38	2.66	13	25.2	27	37	105		0.19
Nycticebus coucang	UM	0.679	0.626	1	19		192.2	1	1	1.00	16	48.2	51.6	50.8	189		0.25
Nycticebus pygmaeus	UM	0.462	0.376	1	9.0		188		1.23		20	23			133
Perodictus potto	UM	0.83	0.836	1	8.0	2.03	170	1	1	1.00	22.33	46.5	39.3	38.9	210		0.27
Tarsius bancanus	Mon&UM	0.128	0.117	1		2.52	178	1	0.74	1.35	12	23.6	28.5		80	0.256	0.13	0.82
Tarsius syrichta		0.134	0.117	1			180	1			13.5	26.2	27.9	22.2	82		0.15
Tarsius pumilus				1
Tarsius spectrum	Mon	0.125	0.108	2.5	14.0	1.42	157	1	0.42	2.40	12	23.1			68		0.15
Callithrix argentata		0.33	0.36	9.5		1.67		2	0.62	3.22		35.1	32		120			3.4
Callithrix humeralifer	Mon&PA	0.36	0.38	11.5							12.5	34.5
Callithrix jacchus	Mon&PA	0.317	0.324	8.7	22.0	1.50	148	2.1	0.52	4.03	11.7	27	30.15	30.23	91		0.38	2.98
Cebuella pygmaea	Mon&PA	0.11	0.122	5.7	24.0	1.88	131	2.1	0.50	4.19	11.67	16	17.2	14.1	91		0.26	0.9
Leonthopithecus chrysomelas		0.62	0.535	6.7
Leonthopithecus chrysopygus				3.6
Leonthopithecus rosalia	Mon&PA	0.62	0.598	7.2	18.0	2.38	128.6	1.78	0.50	3.55	14.17	50	53.6	52.4	91		0.69	2.56
Saguinus bicolor		0.428	0.43	6.7					0.53
Saguinus midas	Mon&PA	0.515	0.575	6.4	20.0	2.00	127	2	0.55	3.63	13.25	40			70		0.63
Saguinus leucopus		0.494	0.49											44
Saguinus oedipus	Mon&PA	0.418	0.404	7.2	18.0	1.89	168	1.9	0.58	3.27	13.5	44	44	42.1	66		0.50	3.5
Saguinus imperator	Mon&PA	0.474	0.475	6			150	2			17	47		46.8	91		0.63
Saguinus labiatus	Mon&PA	0.49	0.529	6.3			145	2	0.82	2.44		43.5		38			0.60
Saguinus mystax	Mon&PA	0.51	0.539	5.5	16.0		145		0.96		20			46.9
Saguinus fuscicollis	Mon&PA	0.343	0.358	5.1		2.33	149	2	1.00	2.00		39.9	39.1	38.8	90		0.54
Saguinus tripartitus											6
Saguinus inustus		0.585	0.803
Saguinus nigricollis	MM	0.468	0.484	6.3			140	2	0.69	2.90	13.9	43.5	43.2	43.9	80		0.62	3.68
Callimico goeldii	Mon	0.499	0.468	7.7	8.5	1.32	151.5	1	0.50	1.99	17.9	50.6	54.7	53.3	65	0.067	0.33	2.95
Cebus albifrons	MM	3.18	2.29	16.8	43.1	4.02	155	1	1.50	0.67	44	234	237.5	227.7	274		1.51	4.7
Cebus capucinus	UM	3.68	2.54	21	54.0	4.00	162	1	2.20	0.46	46.9	230		250	548	1.35	1.42
Cebus olivaceus	MM&UM	3.29	2.52	17.1	72.0	6.00		1	2.17	0.46					720
Cebus apella	MM	3.65	2.52	11.1	56.0	5.50	155	1	1.84	0.54	44	239.7	220.7	197.1	365	1.00	1.55
Saimiri bolivensis	MM	0.911	0.711	60			155					102
Saimiri oerstedii	MM	0.897	0.68	50				1
Saimiri sciureus	MM	0.899	0.68	35	30.0	2.50	160	1	1.17	0.85	21	95.2	112.5	106.4	51	0.479	0.60	1.78
Saimiri ustus		0.921	0.799
Saimiri vanzolinii		0.95	0.65	40
Aotus trivirgatus	Mon	0.813	0.736	3.8	30	2.40	133	1	0.70	1.43	20	97	88	94	75	0.479	0.73	3.5
Aotus azarae	Mon	1.18	1.23	4.1
Callicebus brunneus	Mon	0.854	0.805	4				1
Callicebus cinerascens
Callicebus moloch	Mon	1.02	0.956	3.3	30	3.00	163.5	1	1	1.00	12	100		74.4	244		0.61
Callicebus personatus	Mon	1.27	1.38	3.7				1
Callicebus hoffmannsi		1.09	1.03
Callicebus calligatus
Callicebus cupreus		1.02	1.12	3.1			130		0.87			74
Callicebus dubius
Callicebus donacophilus		0.991	0.909
Callicebus oenanthe
Callicebus olallae
Callicebus modestus
Callicebus torqatus	Mon	1.28	1.21	4	30	4.00		1	1	1.00					140
Pithecia aequatorialis	Mon
Pithecia albicans	Mon			4.6
Pithecia irrorata	Mon	2.25	2.07	4.4
Pithecia monachus	Mon	2.61	2.11	4										121
Pithecia pithecia	Mon	1.94	1.58	2.7		2.08	165	1	1.58	0.63	13.75				122
Cacajao calvus	MM	3.45	2.88	30	43.2	3.50		1			20.1				547.5
Cacajao rubicundus	MM							1	3	0.33
Cacajao melanocephalus		3.16	2.71	30				1
Chiropotes albinasus	MM	3.15	2.49	22.5			160	1			15
Chiropotes satanas	MM	3	2.77	9.7			160	1
Alouatta belzebul		7.27	5.52	7.4
Alouatta caraya	MM&UM	6.42	4.33	8.9	38.5	3.70	187	1						262
Alouatta fusca	MM	6.73	4.35	6.8
Alouatta palliata	MM	7.16	5.323	13.7	36.0	3.60	186	1.1	1.66	0.66	20	480			365	1.10	2.84
Alouatta seniculus	MM&UM	6.873	5.3	8	48.5	4.60	191	1	1.38	0.72	25	263	231	295	372.3			3.5
Alouatta villosa	MM&UM	11.4	6.43	5.4	48	4.50	187				20	480
Ateles belzebuth	MM	8.29	7.85	22				1	3.00	0.33	20
Ateles fusciceps	MM	8.89	9.16		51.6	4.90	226	1	2.25	0.44	24				485			6
Ateles geoffroyi	MM	7.78	7.29	42	72.0	7.00	229	1	2.90	0.35	27.3	512	447		822	3.79	2.24	2.45
Ateles paniscus	MM	9.11	8.44	38.5	57.6	5.00	230	1	4.00	0.25	33	452.5		425		2.00		3.41
Lagothrix flavicauda	MM			9.1											365
Lagothrix lagothricha	MM	7.28	7.02	16.7	96.0	5.00	225	1	1.75	0.57	25.92	450	510	432	315		2.00
Brachyteles arachnoides	MM	9.61	8.07	19.2		7.50	232.5	1	2.82	0.35	30				639
Macaca arctoides	MM	12.2	8.4			3.84	178.2	1	1.48	0.68	30	487	502	497	411	2.30	2.73	6.43
Macaca assamensis	MM	11.3	6.9	21
Macaca radiata	MM	6.67	3.85	24.9	48.0	4.00	163	1	1	1.00	30	404	411	388	365		2.48	4.37
Macaca sinica	MM	5.68	3.2	21.6	63.0	5.00		1	1.50	0.67	30
Macaca thibetana		15.2	9.5	21		5.00	170				20	500				2.40
Macaca cyclopsis		6	4.94	20.2	30.0	4.50	162		1.27			403	407	398
Macaca fuscata	MM	11	8.03	45	54.0	5.54	173	1	1.93	0.52	33	496	558.3	526.8	365	2.40	2.87	6.27
Macaca mulatta	MM	9.355	7.085	36	42.0	4.00	164	1	1	1.00	29	475	490.3	466.3	316	1.33	2.90	4.39
Macaca fascicularis	MM	5.36	3.59	27	51.6	3.86	167	1	1.07	0.93	37.08	345	353.1	326.1	420	1.70	2.07	3.22
Macaca nemestrina	MM	9.45	5.7	18.3	35.0	3.92	170	1	1.11	0.90	26.29	472	483.6	443.7	365	1.32	2.78	2.6
Macaca maurus		9.72	6.05				175.5	1				390					2.22
Macaca tonkeana		14.9	9				173
Macaca nigra	MM	9.89	5.47	35	49.0	5.44	176	1	1.48	0.68	18	461					2.62
Macaca ochreata		5.3	2.6
Macaca silenus	MM	8.9	6.1	26.5		4.90	180	1	1.38	0.72	38	407	514	438	365		2.26
Macaca sylvanus	MM	16	11	18.3	46.0	4.80	164.7	1	1	1.00	22	450				2.42		4.28
Cercocebus albigena	MM	8.25	6.02	16.6	48.0	4.08	185	1	2.75	0.36	32.7	425			210	2.20	2.30	5
Cercocebus aterrimus	MM	7.84	5.76
Cercocebus galeritus	MM	9.61	5.26	18.3		6.50	171	1			19							4.04
Cercocebus torquatus	MM	9.47	5.5	26.8	32.0	4.67	171	1	1.08	0.93	27		517
Mandrillus leucophaeus	UM			17	42.0	5.00	176	1	1.23	0.81	28.6			722
Mandrillus sphinx	UM	31.6	12.9	13.9	39.0	4.00	174.6	1	1.46	0.68	43.33	613	906	890	350	3.00	3.51	6.52
Papio anubis	MM	23.15	12.5	40	57.5	6.92	180	1	1.71	0.58	45	1068	980	915	420	3.80	5.93
Papio papio	MM						184	1	1.16	0.86	40	642.3	681	603.6			3.49
Papio cynocephalus	MM	21.8	12.3	55.4	66.0	5.50	175	1	1.75	0.57	40	854	737	803	365	3.03	4.88	5.1
Papio ursinus	MM	29.8	14.8	57.1	38.0	3.67	187	1	1.75	0.57	45	600		850
Papio hamadryas	UM	18.95	10.65	7.3	51.5	6.10	172	1	2	0.50	35.6	727.5	760	695	365	3.10	4.23
Theropithecus gelada	UM	19	11.7	10	49.5	4.00	167	1	2.14	0.47	19.25	464	737		450	3.90	2.78
Cercopithecus aethiops	MM	5.023	3.457	28.9	54.0	5.00	163.3	1	1.33	0.75	24	314	334.9	335.9	365	1.17	1.92	3.51
Cercopithecus ascanius	MM&UM	3.7	2.92	26.3	54.0	5.00		1	1.48	0.67	22.5	371			180
Cercopithecus cephus	UM	4.29	2.88	11	48.0	5.00		1	2.25	0.44	22	340			365			2.87
Cercopithecus erythrotis	UM	3.6	2.9					1							180
Cercopithecus erythrogaster	UM	4.1	2.4
Cercopithecus petaurista	UM	4.4	2.9	14
Cercopithecus mitis	UM	7.697	4.363	16.3	70.5	5.92	140	1	1.67	0.60	20	402	360	495	697		2.87	3.5
Cercopithecus nictitans	UM	6.67	4.26	16	48.0	5.00		1	1.97	0.51				406				2.4
Cercopithecus campbelli	UM	4.5	2.7	14	36.0	3.50	180	1							540
Cercopithecus mona	UM							1			22	284
Cercopithecus denti	UM
Cercopithecus wolfi	UM	3.91	2.87									435
Cercopithecus pogonias	UM	4.26	2.9	15	48.0	5.00	165	1	2	0.50	20	340					2.06	2.57
Cercopithecus neglectus	Mon&UM	7.35	4.13	5	62.3	4.67	182	1	1.62	0.62	22	260	455	450	365	1.64	1.43	3.2
Cercopithecus hamlyni	UM	5.49	3.36
Cercopithecus diana	UM	5.2	3.9	23		5.42		1	1	1.00	34.8	475		460	365
Cercopithecus dryas
Cercopithecus salongo
Cercopithecus lhoesti	UM	5.97	3.45	17.4				1	1.33	0.75
Cercopithecus preussi				5
Cercopithecus solatus		6.89	3.92	10									382
Erythrocebus patas	UM	12.4	6.5	28	41.2	3.00	167.5	1	1.22	0.82	21.58	504.5	541	468	212	2.40	3.01	6.78
Miopithecus talapoin	MM	1.94	1.56	115	48.0	4.38	165	1	1	1.00	27.67	177.5			180	0.042	1.08	1.1
Allenopithecus nigroviridis	MM	6.13	3.18	40		4.40		1			28			242
Colobus angolensis	MM	9.68	7.57	10.9				1
Colobus guereza	MM&UM	13.5	9.2	8.3		4.75	170	1	1.75	0.57	22.25	395.5	596	549	390	1.60
Colobus polykomos	MM&UM	9.9	8.3	10.2		8.50	170	1	1.04	0.96	30.5	597				1.24	3.51	6
Colobus satanas	MM&UM	10.4	7.42	15.5			195	1							480
Colobus badius	MM	8.36	8.21	34	42	4.08	198	1	2.13	0.47					788
Colobus kirkii		5.8	5.46
Procolobus verus	MM	4.7	4.2	6.3			167	1
Pygathrix avunculus		14	8.25	25
Pygathrix brelichi				6.1
Pygathrix roxellana	MM	17.9	11.6
Pygathrix nemaeus	MM&UM	11	8.44	9.3	48	4.00	165	1	1.36	0.74	10.25	393.5	324	463	330		2.38
Simias concolor	Mon&UM	9.15	6.8	4.5
Nasalis larvatus	MM&UM	20.4	9.82	10.5	48	4.50	166	1	1.48	0.68	13.5	525	600			2.00	3.16
Presbytis aurata				11
Presbytis comata	UM	6.68	6.71					1
Presbytis frontata	MM&UM	5.56	5.67
Presbytis melalophos	MM&UM	6.59	6.47	11.6				1
Presbytis rubicunda	MM&UM	6.29	6.17	6.5				1
Presbytis cristata	UM	6.61	5.76	22.8				1	1.48	0.68
Presbytis francoisi		7.7	7.35									457	457	457
Presbytis geei		10.8	9.8	12.5				1
Presbytis johnii	UM	12	11.2	14.8				1	1.84	0.54			500
Presbytis vetulus	UM	8.17	5.9	8.8			209	1	1.73	0.58		447			226	1.10	2.14
Presbytis obscura	MM&UM	7.9	6.26	17			150	1				485	425	341			3.23
Presbytis phayeri		7.87	6.3	12.9			165		1.25
Presbytis pileatus	UM	12	9.86	8.5
Presbytis potenziani	Mon	6.17	6.4	3.7				1
Presbytis entellus	MM&UM	14.533	10.533	25	42.0	3.42	199	1	1.68	0.59	25	500			456	2.10
Hylobates agilis	Mon	5.88	5.82	4.4				1	3.12	0.32					724
Hylobates lar	Mon	5.9	5.34	3.9	108.0	9.31	213	1	2.69	0.37	31.5	400	400	407	730	1.07	1.88	3.12
Hylobates muelleri	Mon	5.71	5.35	3.4					2.96		47
Hylobates moloch	Mon	6.58	6.25	3.3				1			35				724
Hylobates pileatus	Mon	5.5	5.44	3.5							39
Hylobates klossi	Mon	5.67	5.92	3.6			210		3.29						724
Hylobates hoolock	Mon	6.87	6.88	3.6	84.0			1	2.96	0.34	42				724
Hylobates syndactylus	Mon	11.9	10.7	3.6		9.00	228	1	3.00	0.33	35	517	555	552			2.27
Hylobates concolor	Mon	7.79	7.62	4				1			36				724
Pongo pygmaeus	(MM&) UM	78.2	35.7	1	84.0	9.68	249.5	1	6.50	0.15	57.33	1728	1965	1653	408.8	11.00	6.93
Pan paniscus	MM	45	33.2	85	102.0	13.50	240	1	5	0.20	40	1162	1400	1494		8.50	4.84	10.14
Pan troglodytes	MM	49.567	40.367	60	126.0	14.00	228	1	6	0.17	53	1742	1877	1814	1460	8.50	7.64	14.08
Homo sapiens	Mon (&UM)	62.2	54.8		198.0	14.00	269	1	3.50	0.29	100	3375	3457	3334	720	9.2	12.55	16.41
Gorilla gorilla	UM	169.367	80	7	78.0	10.04	260	1	3.83	0.26	50	2122.9	2251	1996	1004	19.80	8.17	15.32
Data sources: Adult weight data: Smith & Jungers (1997). Mating systems: Lindenfors & Tullberg (1998), Kappeler (1997). Age at female maturity: Bearder (1987), Fedigan & Rose (1995), Goldizen (1987), Melnick & Pearl (1987), Richard (1987), Roberts (1994), Robinson & Janson (1987), Robinson et al. (1987), Ross & Jones (1999), Rowe (1996), Stanger et al. (1995). Age at first birth: Bearder (1987), Bercovitch & Berard (1993), Fedigan & Rose (1995), Ross (1988, 1991, 1992), Ross & Jones (1999), Rowe (1996), Stanger et al. (1995). Gestation length: Bearder (1987), Fedigan & Rose (1995), Garber & Leigh (1997), Glander (1994), Goldizen (1987), Hartwig (1996), Harvey et al. (1987), Izard et al. (1988), Jantschke et al. (1995), Jurke (1996), Lee (1999), Matsumura (1993), Melnick & Pearl (1987), Roberts (1994), Robinson et al. (1987), Ross (1988, 1992), Rowe (1996), Stanger et al. (1995), Thierry et al. (1996). Number of offspring: Bearder (1987), Dietz et al. (1994), Harvey et al. (1987), Goldizen (1987), Roberts (1994), Ross (1988, 1991), Ross & Jones (1999), Rowe (1996), Stanger et al. (1995). Neonate weight: Garber & Leigh (1997), Glander (1994), Hartwig (1996), Lee (1999), Roberts (1994), Ross (1988, 1991, 1992), Smith & Leigh (1998). Interbirth intervals: Bearder (1987), Fedigan & Rose (1995), Goldizen (1987), Harvey et al. (1987), Izawa (1978), Jantschke et al. (1995), Lee (1999), Melnick & Pearl (1987), Richard (1987), Roberts (1994), Robinson et al. (1987), Ross (1988, 1992), Ross & Jones (1999), Rowe (1996). Age at weaning: Fedigan & Rose (1995), Garber & Leigh (1997), Harvey et al. (1987), Roberts (1994), Rowe (1996), Winn (1994). Weight at weaning: Lee (1999). Lifespan: Bearder (1987), Roberts (1994), Ross (1988, 1991, 1992), Ross & Jones (1999), Rowe (1996). Group size: Barton (1996), Kappeler & Heymann (1996), Koenig (1995). Postnatal growth rate: Ross (1991).